Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a widely used method for battery tests in manufacturing and automotive field applications. As such, accurate measurement of the over broad frequency spectrum high relevance, also requiring specific calibration methods evaluation error bounds. Here, we report first time comprehensive uncertainty analysis calibrated EIS batteries. We aim to identify...

Definitions of the concepts of bias and recovery are discussed and approaches to dealing with them described. The Guide To Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) recommends correction for all significant systematic effects, but it is also possible to expand measurement uncertainty to take account of uncorrected bias. Run, laboratory and method bias can be defined as components of the bias of a partic...

Measurement and expert estimates are never absolutely accurate. Thus, when we know the result M(u) of measurement or expert estimate, the actual value A(u) of the corresponding quantity may be somewhat different from M(u). In practical applications, it is desirable to know how different it can be, i.e., what are the bounds f(M(u)) ≤ A(u) ≤ g(M(u)). Ideally, we would like to know the tightest bo...