Mammalian cells have been widely used in bioreactors to produce biological products such as pharmaceutical materials. The productivity of such bioreactors is vastly affected by flow-induced cell damage in complicated flow environments, such as agitation-driven turbulence and oxygen bubble bursting at the interface between the culturing medium and air. However, there is no systematic approach to...

During the past few decades, a significant amount of research has been conducted in the area of non-destructive damage evaluation (NDE) based on changes in dynamic properties of a structure. System Identification and damage detection plays a crucial role in structural dynamics and vibro-acoustic system optimization. The later approach is based on the ‘Modal Analysis” The dynamic behaviors of th...

Indentation tests can be used to characterize the mechanical properties of bone at small load/length scales offering the possibility of utilizing very small test specimens, which can be excised using minimally-invasive procedures. In addition, the need for mechanical property data from bone may be a requirement for fundamental multi-scale experiments, changes in nano- and micro-mechanical prope...

This paper proposes a coupled thermal-hydrological-mechanical damage (THMD) model for the failure process of rock, in which coupling effects such as thermally induced rock deformation, water flow-induced thermal convection, and rock deformation-induced water flow are considered. The damage is considered to be the key factor that controls the THM coupling process and the heterogeneity of rock is...

INTRODUCTION Despite the high prevalence of tendon injuries, the etiology of tendon rupture is poorly understood. Degeneration due to cumulative microtrauma resulting from overuse has been widely discussed as a major contributor to tendon failure. However, existing biomechanical models of fatigue have largely focused on the relationship between the applied stress and the number of cycles to fai...

Mingyao Liu*, Zude Zhou**, Yuegang Tan***, An Ling****, Menglong Ke***** *Wuhan University of Technology, 430070 Wuhan, China, E-mail: [email protected] **Wuhan University of Technology, 430070 Wuhan, China, E-mail: [email protected] ***Wuhan University of Technology, 430070 Wuhan, China, E-mail: [email protected] ****Wuhan University of Technology, 430070 Wuhan, China, E-mail: liangan1008@163....

Cereal Chem. 77(6):750–753 Starch samples isolated from wheat flour that represented four possible waxy states (0, 1, 2, and 3-gene waxy) were subjected to crushing loads under both dry and wet conditions. Calibrated loads of 0.5–20 kg were applied to the starch samples and the percentage of damaged granules was visually determined. Under dry crushing conditions, starches containing amylose (0,...

The study of rock fractures is essential in evaluating stability of underground structures, understanding earthquakes, and assessing storage and transport of oil and gas in rock formations. Geophysical monitoring techniques, particularly compressional and shear wave propagation, can probe the internal structure of rock and fractures remotely and nondestructively and can provide insight into fra...

A model to describe the damage state of materials is developed within the framework of Continuum Damage Mechanics. The damage variable is considered as a random variable. To predict the damage state in a body, knowledge of its intrinsic damage distribution is required. After dividing the body into a number of elementary cells, the intrinsic damage distribution can be determined utilizing statis...

Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is commonly experienced following either a bout of unaccustomed physical activity or following physical activity of greater than normal duration or intensity. The mechanistic factor responsible for the initiation of EIMD is not known; however, it is hypothesised to be either mechanical or metabolic in nature. The mechanical stress hypothesis states that EIM...