Abstract Background Perforation of the augmented bladder is a serious and well-known complication augmentation. The traditional treatment has been emergent surgical exploration repair perforation due to risk peritonitis, sepsis mortality. Some studies have reported successful conservative management by maximizing drainage in patients with stable hemodynamics limited peritoneal extravasation. He...

Some preventers only stop an effect when it is being produced by certain causes. For example, nasal spray prevents headaches caused by a cold but not headaches caused by dehydration or stress. Thus, preventers differ in preventative scope: the range of circumstances across which a preventer operates. An experiment indicated that people are sensitive to differences in preventative scope and that...

Conceptual analyses can be subdivided into two classes, good and evil. Empirical analysis is the good kind, routinely practiced in the sciences. Orthodox analysis is the malevolent version that plagues philosophical discourse. In this paper, I will clarify the difference between them, provide some reasons to prefer good over evil, and illustrate their consequences for the metaphysics of causati...

I argue that the constitution relation transmits causal efficacy and thus is a suitable relation to deploy in many troubled areas of philosophy, such as the mind– body problem. We need not demand identity.

Michael Moore's Causation and Responsibility^ is a comprehensive and fascinating study of the relationship between the law, moralify, and metaphysics. One of the most interesting (and, at the same time, controversial) theses Moore defends in this book is the claim that some central legal concepts are grounded in metaphysical concepts. In particular, Moore emphasizes the key role played in the l...

This paper investigates the relationship between the growth of road networks and regional development. We test for mutual causality between the growth of road networks (which are divided functionally into local roads and highways) and changes in county-level population and employment. We employ a panel data set containing observations of road mileage by type for all Minnesota counties over the ...