This is the first trial to examine both effects of interrupting prolonged sitting on vascular function in type 2 diabetes and frequency duration interruptions. Brief, simple resistance activity bouts every 30 min, but not 60 increased mean femoral artery flow-mediated dilation over 7 h, relative uninterrupted sitting. With further supporting evidence, these initial findings can have important i...

BACKGROUND Passive smoking is associated with early arterial damage in adults, but its effect on endothelial function in children is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Serum cotinine concentration was measured annually in children between 8 and 11 years of age who had participated since infancy in a randomized, prospective atherosclerosis prevention trial (Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Interve...

A recent study reported the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) fragment VIP(10-28) inhibited the rise in skin blood flow during heat stress. Our laboratory has reported that the nitric oxide (NO) pathway and histamine receptor-1 (H1)-receptor activation is common to both exogenous VIP-mediated dilation and active vasodilation (AVD). The present study aimed to further examine the specific role ...

OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to investigate whether concomitant therapy with vasoactive medications alters the results of noninvasive assessment of endothelial function. BACKGROUND Ultrasound assessment of brachial artery flow-mediated dilation is emerging as a useful clinical tool. The current practice of withholding cardiac medications before ultrasound studies has unknown utility ...

Shear stress is an important stimulus to arterial adaptation in response to exercise and training in humans. We recently observed significant reverse arterial flow and shear during exercise and different antegrade/retrograde patterns of shear and flow in response to different types of exercise. The purpose of this study was to simultaneously examine flow-mediated dilation, a largely NO-mediated...

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) binding to endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is an important step in eNOS activation. The conformational state of bound Hsp90 determines whether eNOS produces nitric oxide (NO) or superoxide (O(2)(*-)). We determined the effects of the Hsp90 antagonists geldanamycin (GA) and radicicol (RA) on basal and ACh-stimulated changes in vessel diameter, cGMP producti...

Shear stress is an important stimulus to arterial adaptation in response to exercise and training in humans. We recently observed significant reverse arterial flow and shear during exercise and different antegrade/retrograde patterns of shear and flow in response to different types of exercise. The purpose of this study was to simultaneously examine flow-mediated dilation, a largely NO-mediated...

Objective: The dominant driver of arteriogenesis is elevated shear stress sensed by the endothelial glycocalyx thereby promoting arterial outward remodeling. Hyaluronan, a critical component glycocalyx, synthesized 3 HAS isoenzymes (hyaluronan synthases 1-3) at plasma membrane. Considering further importance HAS3 for smooth muscle cell and immune functions we aimed to evaluate its role in colla...

BACKGROUND In vitro and animal studies demonstrate that myeloperoxidase catalytically consumes nitric oxide as a substrate, limiting its bioavailability and function. We therefore hypothesized that circulating levels of myeloperoxidase would predict risk of endothelial dysfunction in human subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS Serum myeloperoxidase was measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay, and brach...