Diagnosis of a disease and its treatment are not separate, oneshot activities. Instead they are very often dependent and interleaved over time, mostly due to uncertainty about the underlying disease, uncertainty associated with the response of a patient to the treatment and varying cost of different treatment and diagnostic (investigative) procedures. The framework particularly suitable for mod...

In surgical neuropathology, as in other areas of pathology, before making a diagnosis of “tumor” the possibility of a non-neoplastic process should be fully considered and excluded. “Gliosis” is a non-specific change that is encountered quite often in routine practice and may accompany both neoplastic and nonneoplastic conditions. Because there is usually some type of pathological process that ...