Abstract Digital technologies used to make pharmaceuticals trustworthy promise displace historical relations, offering instead transparency through data. This article draws from research with manufacturers, importers, and distributors moving medicines between factories markets explore trust-making trustworthiness in pharmaceutical sales. It shows how practices of selling regulating rely on narr...

One of the most important duties of government in public health sector is to provide secured sources for medicines supply. There are some regulations for domestic pharmaceutical industry. In addition, there is a discipline for importing medicine to be ensured about their claimed characteristics. In medicines registration process, MOH (FDO in Iran) assess ‘safety’, ‘quality’ and ‘efficacy’ of me...

This study used publicly available data to examine the effect of the separation of dispensing and prescribing medicines between pharmacists in pharmacies and doctors in medical institutions (the separation system) and the generic medicine replacement ratio on the cost of various medicines in Japanese prefectures. For Japanese medical institutions, participation in the separation system is optio...

BACKGROUND The use of herbal medicines among pregnant women in Nigeria has not been widely studied. METHODS Opinion of 595 pregnant women in three geopolitical zones in Nigeria on the use of herbal medicines, safety on usage, knowledge of potential effects of herbal remedies on the fetus and potential benefits or harms that may be derived from combining herbal remedies with conventional thera...

BACKGROUND In 1977 the World Health Organization created its first Model List of Essential Medicines-a list designed to aid countries in determining which medicines to prioritize on their National Essential Medicines Lists. In classifying drugs as "essential," the World Health Organization has historically stressed drugs' ability to meet priority health needs of populations and cost. OBJECTIV...

Objective. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines in the management of metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods. On December 9, 2015, we searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, AMED, CNKI, KoreaMed, KMBASE, OASIS, and J-STAGE with no restriction on language or published year. We selected randomized controlled trials that involved...

BACKGROUND People share medicines and problems can result from this behavior. Successful interventions to change sharing behavior will require understanding people's motives and purposes for sharing medicines. Better information about how medicines fit into the gifting and reciprocity system could be useful in designing interventions to modify medicine sharing behavior. However, it is uncertain...

OBJECTIVE To investigate knowledge of medicines and sources of information about medicines among adolescents in Malta. METHODS A self-administered questionnaire was used to survey knowledge of medicines and information sources among adolescents attending secondary schools in Malta. A random stratified sample design generated a sample size of 514 students. Knowledge of medicines was investigat...

OBJECTIVE To document the inclusion of key medicines for children in national essential medicines lists (EMLs) and standard treatment guidelines, and to assess the availability and cost of these medicines in 14 countries in central Africa. METHODS Surveys were conducted in 12 public and private sector medicine outlets in each country's capital city. Data were collected on medicine availabilit...

BACKGROUND Inequitable access to medicines is a major weakness in the Indian health care system. Baseline data needed to develop effective public health policy and provide equitable access to essential medicines. The present survey was conducted to investigate the price, availability, and affordability of fifty essential medicines in the public and private sector in Delhi, India using standardi...