Background: Melasma is the acquired, gradual and symmetric hyper pigmentation of the face. Melasma has been related to many factors such as pregnancy, genetic, endocrine and sun exposure but the exact relationship to endocrine factors isn’t still clear. Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between melasma and polycystic ovarian disease and androgenic hormones. Patients and Methods: Th...

conclusions our study showed that the triple therapy of nd: yag and nd: yag + co2 fractional and hydroquinone cream had high efficiency and low morbidity compared to twofold treatment with nd: yag and nd: yag + co2 fractional. results seventeen patients with melasma (14 females and three males) with mean (± sd) age of 38.47 (± 6.29) years (range 29 - 53) were included in this study. the only si...

Melasma is a common acquired hyperpigmentation disorder disproportionately affecting women of color. Though its cause remains unknown, several predisposing risk factors have been identified. Our investigation sought to better define racial and ethnic differences in factors, treatment patterns, incidence melasma the US through large case-control analysis. We queried TriNetX database representing...

Melasma is an acquired, chronic hyperpigmentation disorder exacerbated by hormone fluctuations, heat, inflammation, and sun exposure. Sun exposure the greatest triggering exacerbating factor, yet few studies investigate how patients with melasma practice sun-protective behaviors (SPBs). This mixed-methods project explored barriers to SPBs in melasma. The demographic questionnaire Exposure Prote...

The present investigation was conducted to evaluate non-invasively, various functional skin parameters i.e., irritation potential, melasma and sebum contents following long term application of topical cream (w/o) loaded with 2% methanolic extract of Ananas comosus L. versus placebo control (base) in healthy adults. Healthy human volunteers (n = 11, aged 20-30 years) were recruited for investiga...

This article focuses on developments in pigmentary disorders that extend dermatologists' understanding of the field. Areas that are reviewed include the basic biochemistry, pharmacology, and physiology of the melanocortin system; melanosome development; genetic diseases associated with pigmentary disorders; pigmentary disorders secondary to systemic disease; drug-induced hyperpigmentation; envi...

: Melasma is one of the most common causes hyperpigmentation and a prevalent cosmetic concern for patients. Tranexemic acid an effective mode treatment available in both oral topical forms. To evaluate compare therapeutic effectiveness tranexamic melasma. A total 84 patients who presented to dermatology OPD with melasma were divided into two groups, namely B. Group treated 250 mg twice daily, B...

Introduction: Melasma is an acquired pigmentation disorder characterized by symmetrical hyperpigmented patches, most commonly seen on the face. and iron deficiency are common in women of reproductive age. Iron causes a decrease ferritin levels, which stores body. The mechanism causing melasma thought to be due cell hypoxia tissue involving mediators that increase melanogenesis. This study aims ...