Genetic variants of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) pathway genes have been shown to be associated with breast density and IGF1 levels and, therefore, may also influence breast cancer risk via pro-survival signaling cascades. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between IGF1 pathway single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and breast cancer risk among European and East Asian ...

Patients with primary breast carcinoma with one to three axillary lymph node metastases but without distant metastases (n1-3) in Japan have been shown to have a 10-year disease-free survival rate of > 60%. It would be reasonable to divide n1-3 Japanese breast cancer patients into groups with high- or low-risk for recurrence and to consider post-operative adjuvant therapy. In the present study, ...

Menopause is an essential phase of women’s life. Essentially, human female experiences different phases pertaining to the reproductive system and hormonal status these are prominently as follows. Childhood (0 12 year) menstrual (12 45±4 years) menopausal face (45 50±years) post menopause (50 till end her life). complete cessation cycle at least for a year. Menopausal causes many hormonal, physi...

Menopause is an important physiological stage in women's life. The potential association of menopause with carotid intima-media thickness as well as with occurrence and stability of carotid plaque in Chinese female population is unclear. We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study by recruiting 2,131 participants aged above 40 years from northeast of China. Carotid intima-media thick...

OBJECTIVES To measure the frequency of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Her 2 Neu positivity and to study their association with tumour characteristics and menopausal status in a breast cancer cohort from Northern Pakistan. METHODOLOGY Patients attending NORI with histopathologically proven diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast were included after providi...

OBJECTIVE Depression is common in women with much research focusing on hormonal changes and menopausal symptoms but with little exploration of psychosocial problems in midlife. This study investigates the prevalence of clinically relevant depressive symptoms in midlife Chinese women and its association with psychosocial factors. METHODS A cross-sectional, community-based household survey of w...

BACKGROUND With metabolic syndrome (MS) being a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and central obesity being a major predisposing factor for MS, intensive research is currently being performed on cutoff values according to race and sex. Menopause is an especially significant factor in designating cutoff values for female central obesity, as menopause brings sudden bodily changes that...

OBJECTIVE To study attitudes toward menopause in women with or at risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) aged 35 to 60 in New York City, NY, USA. DESIGN Data were obtained at the baseline interview in a cohort study of menopause. Of 502 participating women, 92 were postmenopausal and 162 were perimenopausal. RESULTS Overall, 37.5% of women had a relatively favorable attitude toward meno...

BACKGROUND After menopause, women exhibit a higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and higher risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the timing of changes in MetS severity over the menopausal transition and whether these changes differ by racial/ethnic group remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS We assessed data from 1470 women from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities cohort w...