A literature review of sheet metal forming errors as well as geometrical dimensions and tolerances (GD&T) shows that the theoretical means for the allocation of process tolerances with respect to GD&T are insufficient. In order to judge the influence of geometrical process errors (e.g., angular errors of bends), two typical sheet metal designs with parallelism and a position tolerance are studi...

Background: This study aimed to assess the fracture resistance of zirconia restorations fabricated with rapid layer (RL group) technique and zirconia computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (zir/CAD/CAM) system (ZC group). Methods:This study evaluated 30 all-ceramic crowns in two groups of 15. After fabricating the metal dies and scanning them ...

In this paper, Computer Aided Designing (CAD) in conjunction with Rapid Tooling is applied to design and produce forming tools (punch and die) for stretch-formed jewelry (generated on thin sheet metal on top of which jewelry patterns are raised with forming tools by stretching the sheet metal beyond its elastic limit. The work presents a parametric voxel based CAD paradigm for modeling of such ...

This study outlines the recent developments in metal forming processes, focusing mainly on shearing process. A summary of background process is given to give perspective how such a has changed over time. It explains what operations are and operated forming. While also outlining difference between shearing, slitting, punching, notching, blanking advantages disadvantages detailed. Different types...

Trace elements of quartz document the physical-chemical evolutions growth, which has been a great and most applied tool in study geological settings quartz-forming environments. A classic method is using graphic diagram plots visualizing trace element discriminations trends, examples including Al-Ti (Rusk, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22161-3_14) Ti-Al-Ge (Schrön et al., 1988, https:...

because of high strength to weight ratio, 6061 aluminum has many applications in different industries like automotive and aerospace industries and can help to reduction of fuel consumption. forming limit diagram (fld) is a useful method for sheet metal formability identification. whereas calculation of forming limit diagram by experimental tests is expensive and time consumption, in the present...