OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of hallux valgus in a historical population in France, to identify associated skeletal abnormalities, and to look for an influence of footwear changes through time. METHODS We studied the 605 first metatarsals found in the necropolis of the Notre-Dame-du-Bourg cathedral in Digne in the Alpes-de-Hautes-Provence region of southern France. The necropolis con...

BACKGROUND Polydactyly of the foot is one of the most frequent anomalies of the limbs. However, most classification systems are based solely on morphology and tend to be inaccurate and less relevant to surgical methods and results. The purpose of this study is to present our new classification of polydactyly of the foot, which can serve as a predictor of treatment and prognosis. METHODS To fi...

Severe injuries to the forefoot are less in the mid-twentieth century than in Lisfranc’s equestrian age. Out of 1 1,000 patients treated for fracture at the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, only twenty-four (0 2 per cent) sustained fracture-dislocations or multiple fractures involving the metatarsal bones. These injuries are the result of combined bending, compressing and twisting forces in one or s...

Although mechanical loading can stimulate cortical bone growth, little is known about how individual physiology affects this response. This study demonstrates that in vivo variation in estradiol (E2) level alters osteoblast sensitivity to exercise-induced strains, affecting cortical bone responses to mechanical loading. Subadult sheep were divided into treatment groups that varied in terms of c...

Flatfoot (pes planus) is one of the most important physical examination items for military new recruits in Taiwan. Currently, the diagnosis of flatfoot is mainly based on radiographic examination of the calcaneal-fifth metatarsal (CA-MT5) angle, also known as the arch angle. However, manual measurement of the arch angle is time-consuming and often inconsistent between different examiners. In th...

OBJECTIVES To determine the relationship between osteoarthritis in the plantar region of the first metatarsophalangeal joint of the foot and patient pain after hallux valgus surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 28 patients undergoing hallux valgus surgery were examined. The patients were examined for pain in the plantar region of the metatarsophalangeal joint (sesamoid bones area), by loo...

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibits signaling pathways that are essential for bone development. To study the requirement for GSK activity during endochondral bone development, we inhibited GSK3 in cultured metatarsal bones with pharmacological antagonists. Interestingly, we find that inhibition of GSK3 strongly repressed chondrocyte and perichondrial osteoblast differentiation. Moreover,...

To cite: Wijayaratna R, Ng JWY. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/bcr-2013010353 DESCRIPTION A woman aged 88 years presented with a 12month history of worsening pain in her left foot. On examination, a mass measuring 9 cm in the maximal dimension was seen in the medial aspect of the mid-foot, which was tender on palpation (figure 1). There was no other s...

UNLABELLED PURPOSE OF THE STUDY In a long-term perspective, it is better to remove implants after fracture healing. However, subsequent full or excessive loading of an extremity may result in refracture, and the bone with holes after screw removal may present a site with predilection for this. The aim of the study was to find ways of how to decrease risk factors for refracture in such a case. T...