In this study we developed LaNixAl1-xO3 perovskite systems using a sol-gelmethod (with propionic acid as solvent) to use in methane-reforming reactions for producing synthesis gas. To understand the roles of the nature of the precursor and calcination conditions on the formation of LaNixAl1-xO3, we carried out identifications using NMR, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and TEM. The precursor struc...

The oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) performance over Na-W-Mn/SiO2 at elevated pressures has been simulated by adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) using reaction data gathered in an isothermal fixed bed microreactor. In the designed neuro fuzzy models, three important parameters such as methane to oxygen ratio, gas hourly space velocity (GHSV), and reaction temperature were conside...

This study aimed to characterize and evaluate an inedible giant water lily as a bioenergy feedstock. The conversion of organics can produce renewable energy. Composition indicated that is excellent feedstock for bioethanol biogas production. Fermentation effluent wastes from anaerobic digestion were transformed directly into ethanol using alkali pretreatment. Under mild operating conditions, al...

in this trial, the effect of different levels of echum amoneum (ea) (0.3, 30, 300 or 3000 µl) on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics and methane production was assessed. the parameters studied were in vitro gas production (ivgp), methane production, ammonia (nh3-n) concentration, in vitro organic matter degradability (ivomde), partitioning factor (pf) (the ratio of substrate truly deg...

Rhodium-based catalysts are potential candidates to process biomass and serve as a representation of the class of noble metal catalysts for biomass-related processes. Biomass can be processed in aqueous media (hydrolysis and aqueous phase reforming), and in this case the surface chemistry involves hydroxyl (OH) species. In our study this was modelled by the presence of pre-adsorbed oxygen. Ethy...

The lean blow-off (LBO) behaviour of unconfined premixed bluff-body stabilised flames with various fuels was investigated. Methane and vapourised ethanol, heptane, Jet-A, an alternative alcohol-derived kerosene (Gevo) were used. OH* chemiluminescence (5 kHz), OH- Fuel-PLIF CH 2 O-PLIF (10 Hz) deployed. For all fuels, as the flame approached LBO fragmentation observed downstream, two sides merge...

the oxidative coupling of methane (ocm) performance over na-w-mn/sio2 at elevated pressures has been simulated by adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (anfis) using reaction data gathered in an isothermal fixed bed microreactor. in the designed neuro fuzzy models, three important parameters such as methane to oxygen ratio, gas hourly space velocity (ghsv), and reaction temperature were conside...

introduction as reported by sabetghadam (2005), 53.4, 36.3, 1.1, 8.9, and 0.2% of total energy consumption in iran consisted of oil products, natural gas, coal, electricity energy, and modern energy sources, respectively. the modern energies included solar, biomass, wind and nuclear. the energy mix has been evolving towards clean energies. from 1966–2005, the contribution of natural gas increas...

BACKGROUND Flow sheet options for integrating ethanol production from spent sulfite liquor (SSL) into the acid-based sulfite pulping process at the Sappi Saiccor mill (Umkomaas, South Africa) were investigated, including options for generation of thermal and electrical energy from onsite bio-wastes, such as bark. Processes were simulated with Aspen Plus® for mass- and energy-balances, followed ...

This work focuses on the development of nanoparticle-based layer-by-layer (LbL) coatings for enhancing detection sensitivity and selectivity volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using on-chip mid-infrared (MIR) waveguides (WGs). First, we demonstrate construction conformal polymer/mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) surface Si-based WGs LbL technique evaluate coating deposition conditions, such...