introduction commuting between urban centers and rural areas is a phenomenon that observed in all countries with different social and economic structure. commuting is a new phenomenon in move of population that emerged with metropolis development. this phenomenon is different with other population movement. because this move does not change in residential place, population work in other place. ...

"Using published census data, metropolitan area population and employment statistics are constructed for several large Latin American cities in 1950, 1960, and 1970, and compared to similar statistics from selected North American cities. The Latin cities are experiencing decentralization of population and some decentralization of employment. Overall population density patterns of large Latin ci...

An attempt is made to review migration trends in the United States over the past 30 years. The emphasis is on changes in migration patterns between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. "Annual net migration estimates are examined, considering the changing metropolitan-nonmetropolitan differential, and differences across geographic and functional county types in nonmetropolitan areas. Some di...

Urban expansion, particularly the movement of residential and commercial land use to sub-urban areas in metropolitan areas, has been considered as a significant signal of regional economic development. In 1970s, the economic centre of Canada moved from Montreal to Toronto. Since some previous research have been focused on the urbanization process in Greater Toronto Area (GTA), it is significant...

his paper explores the connections between broad economic indicators in the New York metropolitan region and their national counterparts. It compares the performance of the region in recent years with that of the nation and assesses the importance of national and local developments for the area’s economy. A cursory examination of the regional economic indicators provides two contrasting views o...

A simplified modelling approach to urban commuting patterns is achieved by focusing on daytime populations rather than on commuters, or on the commuting process itself. Whereas past studies were usually economic in nature, and viewed commuting as a process within the continuum of urban space and time, the approach addressing daytime populations transforms the modelling attempt into a demographi...

The vast agro-urban settlements that developed in the humid tropics of Mesoamerica and Asia contained both elite civic-ceremonial spaces sprawling metropolitan areas. Recent studies have suggested local autonomy policies facilitated development these settlements; however, been limited by a lack detail considering how, when, why factors contributed to evolution sites. In this paper, we use fine-...