BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer incidence is increasing worldwide at an alarming rate, yet little is known of the impact this increase will have on society. We sought to determine the clinical and economic burden of a sustained increase in thyroid cancer incidence in the United States and to understand how these burdens correlate with the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) prioritization of thyroid ca...

The death rate for brain cancer, the most common cancer cause of death for children and teens aged 1-19 years, was 24% higher in males (0.73 per 100,000) than females (0.59) aged 1-19 years during 2013-2015. Death rates were higher for males than females for all age groups, but the difference did not reach statistical significance for the age group 5-9 years. Death rates caused by brain cancer ...

This review provides a state of the art description of gastric cancer etiology, the infectious agent, host factors, the precancerous cascade, clinical aspects, and prevention strategies. The biology of Helicobacter pylori, the primary causative agent, is discussed as well as the environmental factors that may modulate its effects.

In summary, the hormonal hypothesis remains one of the most important hypotheses in prostate cancer etiology. Although epidemiologic data regarding the role of hormones are still inconclusive, there are many intriguing leads. Armed with more complete methodological data, state-of-the-art hormone assays, sound epidemiologic design, and a more thorough analytical approach, a new generation of stu...

bacterial and viral triggers are suspected agents in the initial etiology of autoimmune diseases. there are some studies on the etiology of autoimmune disorders which have focused on streptococcal infection and a possible relation with microbial heat shock proteins (hsp) which show significant homology with human heat shock proteins. in addition, some serotypes of streptococci cross-react with ...

Papillon-Lefevre syndrome (PLS) is a rare autosomal recessive heterogeneous trait which is characterized by erythematous palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, early-onset periodontitis, and associated calcification of dura mater. The etiology of PLS is multifactorial with genetic, immunological, and microbial factors playing a role in etiopathogenesis. Recently identified genetic defect in PLS has been ...

Protein as a Biochemical Marker to Differentiate Microbial Etiology in Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia, Mar Masiá, Félix Gutiérrez, Belén Llorca, Juan Carlos Navarro, Carlos Mirete, Sergio Padilla, Ildefonso Hernández, and Emilio Flores ( Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, and 2 Clinical Chemistry Service, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain;...

Background There is a paucity of literature regarding the microbial etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in India. The current study was aimed to study the microbial etiology of hospitalized adults with CAP. Methods The study was conducted in a 700-bedded North Indian hospital. Consecutive adults admitted with CAP over a period of 2 years from 2013 to 2015 were recruited for the stu...