Flexible structures are the main components in many precision measuring and research systems. They provide miniaturization, repeatability, minimal damping, low measuring forces, and very high resolution. This article focuses on the modeling, development, and comparison of three typical flexible micronano-structures: flexible helicoids, atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilevers, and concave notc...

Cell membranes, lung surfactants and other liquid crystalline systems have become an interesting area for structural studies, due to recent evidence suggesting that such supra-molecular assemblies have micronano scale organizations or domains. Such domains play a critical role in functioning of membrane proteins, as well as phase segregation and liquid ordering of soft-materials in two dimensio...

Weissenberg observed that when a rod is rotated in a complex fluid, the fluid will climb the rod. When revolutions per time are sufficiently large, climbing ceases and oscillations on the fluid surface begin. Previous studies of this phenomena focus on the regime prior to oscillation; however, this study focuses on understanding these oscillations. By performing a harmonic analysis, wave featur...

A facile approach is reported to process rod-coil block copolymers (BCPs) into highly ordered nanostructures in a rapid, low-energy process. By introducing a selective plasticizer into the rod-coil BCPs during annealing, both the annealing temperature and time to achieve thermodynamic equilibrium and highly ordered structures can be decreased. This process improvement is attributed to enhanced ...

PURPOSE To study the slow and fast rod signals of the scotopic 15-Hz flicker ERG in patients carrying mutations in the NYX gene, which has been recently identified as the cause of the complete form of congenital stationary night blindness, CSNB1. METHODS Twenty eyes of 11 patients with CSNB1 who had nondetectable standard ERG rod b-waves were involved in the study. Scotopic ERG response ampli...

In general, creation of superhydrophobic surfaces is composed of two steps: (i) creation of a rough surface and (ii) passivation of the surface with the low surface energy molecules or coatings. Superhydrophobic properties cannot be achieved on a surface without these two essential factors fulfilled. In the present work we have demonstrated that superhydrophobic silver films on copper (Cu) subs...

We report the first experimental realization of a rod diffusing in a two dimensional obstacle field following the single rod dynamics. We use a silver nanowire as our rod and two types of obstacles: repelling light beams and polymer pillars. We study the effect of hydrodynamic interactions on the transport of the rod, comparing both experimental realizations and recent simulations. We propose a...

In successive scotopic color contrast, a colored adapting field induces a hue into a successively presented, purely rod-detected test field. To determine the rod influence on hue perception, a comparison was made, for both spectral matches and hue names, between photopic and scotopic color contrast hues produced by the same adapting fields adjusted to each of the four unique hues. Rod signals e...

Rod influence on hue appearance of spectral lights was characterized by comparing the scaling of red, green, yellow, and blue hue sensations for an 8 degrees-diameter, 7 degrees-eccentric test spot under conditions that minimized (cone plateau) and maximized (dark adapted) rod influence at two mesopic light levels (1.5 and 3.0 log scoptic trolands). At the lower light level, the hue-scaling fun...

Small-angle light-scattering patterns of human cornea in I. and I modes were compared to theoretical scattering patterns generated in the computer on the basis of a cornea model. This model is a nonrandom assembly of optically anistropic rods. The best match of theoretical and experimental patterns yielded the following parameters describing the ultrastructure of human cornea: length of the rod...