The classification of soils originated from three main sources: from early empirical soil surveys, from folk soil classifications and from scientific theory of pedology. The first soil classifications reflected their origin in different extent, and still remain certain features of their initial sources. The actual situation in soil classification is discouraging, mainly due to the diversity of ...

In y e s te rd a y ’s e lec tion for student body president and vice p re s id e n t a t S a in t M a ry ’s College, s tu d e n t vo tes sp lit almost evenly between the two tickets. S a ra h S ie fe r t an d Nancy Midden earned 46.9 percent of the vote while the Katie Webby and Kelly Madden ticket earned 46.8 percent of the vote. This narrow margin means a run-off e lec t ion will be he ld on ...

We obtained stable isotope signatures ( C, N) and AMS radiocarbon dates for a small set of Dorset remains, Thule-era burials from northwest Hudson Bay and proto-historic burials from Southampton Island to assess the importance of whaling in eastern Canadian Arctic economies. Classic Thule occupation of the Eastern Arctic (ca. AD 1000–1350) coincided with the Medieval Warm Period and was thought...

Prince Rupert Harbour (PRH), on the north Pacific Coast of British Columbia, contains at least 157 shell middens, of which 66 are known villages, in an area of approximately 180km. These sites span the last 9500yr and in some cases are immense, exceeding 20,000m surface area and several meters in depth. Recent archaeological research in PRH has become increasingly reliant on radiocarbon dates f...

Pollen and algae microfossils preserved in sediments from Pyramid Lake, Nevada, provide evidence for periods of persistent drought during the Holocene age. We analyzed one hundred nineteen 1-cm-thick samples for pollen and algae from a set of cores that span the past 7630 years. The early middle Holocene, 7600 to 6300 cal yr B.P., was found to be the driest period, although it included one shor...

We use a central place forager model for shellfish processing to understand Middle Holocene (7550– 3600 cal BP) human settlement patterns on California’s Northern Channel Islands. This period was associated with increasing sedentism and special purpose sites. We examine the processing and transport costs of two high-ranked shellfish species collected during the Middle Holocene, red abalone (Hal...