background: alkaptonuria (aku) or ochronosis is a rare progressive degenerative arthropathy that results from deficiency of enzyme homogentisate 1,2 dioxygenase (hgd). the features include arthritis of the spine and in larger peripheral joints, with chondrocalcinosis. in this paper, we present a case of alkaptonuria in a 54 year old woman in tehran, iran. case presentation: a 54 year old woman ...

The modern infirmary is the evolutional product of the dialectic interface between medical theories at each time and the outcome of their application in clinical practice. The infirmary as we know it today did not exist during antiquity, but the different precursors of the modern hospital emerged as a result of the interaction between medical theory and practice. During antiquity the Hippocrati...

BACKGROUND The objective is to analyze and compare Virginia suicide data from 2003 to 2012 to US suicide data. METHODS Suicide trends by method, age, gender, and race were obtained from Virginia's Office of the Chief Medical Examiner's annual reports. RESULTS Similar to US suicide rates, suicide rates in Virginia increased between 2003 and 2012 from 10.9/100,000 people to 12.9/100,000 peopl...

The marriage of literature and science might not be possible strictly speaking, but a marriage of humanities with philosophy, psychology, religion, ethics, ecology, and social studies, for instance, might well work, as a close analysis of some medieval narratives will illustrate. This paper intends to demonstrate once again what the humanities could truly mean, insofar as the discussion will no...

For centuries branded as enigma infectious diseases are as for the common man, and the scientific community, the largest item of interest. Their contagiousness, number, as well as increasing diversity, led to the appearance of enormous challenges in finding the cause for a more effective control. Mass infectious diseases such as leprosy and plague were witnesses and causes of horrific suffering...

Rural Australians are less physically active than their metropolitan counterparts, and yet very little is known of the candidate intervention targets for promoting physical activity in rural populations. As rural regions are economically, socially and environmentally diverse, drivers of regular physical activity are likely to vary between regions. This study explored the region-specific correla...

This book considers one of the less obvious (but arguably more important) passions – wonder – and the ways in which that emotion intersected with skepticism in the Middle Ages. Through an in-depth analysis of medieval responses to marvels, it thus builds upon earlier studies of wonder, most notably Caroline Walker Bynum’s seminal article on the topic, and a rich tradition of doubt scholarship.(...