UNLABELLED During the ejection phase of the cardiac cycle, left ventricular muscle fibres shorten while generating force. It was hypothesized that fibres are oriented in the wall such that the amount of shortening is the same for all fibres. We evaluated this hypothesis for the equatorial region of the left ventricle. In a finite element model of left ventricular wall mechanics fibre orientatio...

A method has been developed for the isolation of outer membranes from Acinetobacter sp. strain MJT/F5/199A. Washed cells were broken in a French press and, after deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease treatment, removal of intact cells, and four washes in 20 mosmol phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, with centrifugation at 25,000 x g for 10 min, preparations of cell wall fragments from which almost all piece...

Light and electron microscopy showed that the reticuloperidium of thick-walled hyphae, characteristic of the mature ascoma of Auxarthron conjugaturn, originated from branches that grew from the broad, gyre-like hyphal loops making up the ascomatal initials. Within the developing peridium, short, acropetally proliferating chains of prototunicate asci each arose from a single crozier and matured ...

The aims of the study were to compare the myogenic and structural properties of middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) from the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) with MCAs from the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) before stroke development in SHRSP. Rats were fed a "Japanese" diet (low-protein rat chow and 1% NaCl in drinking water) for 8 wk, and cerebral arteries were studied in...

Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 is a filamentous cyanobacterium that serves as a model to analyze prokaryotic cell differentiation, evolutionary development of plastids, and the regulation of nitrogen fixation. The cell wall is the cellular structure in contact with the surrounding medium. To understand the dynamics of the cell wall proteome during cell differentiation, the cell wall from Anabaena hetero...

the combination of flexural frame and shear wall is one of the suitable systems to apply in reinforced concrete buildings. the deflections of flexural frame become limited due to the high stiffness of wall and the interaction of these systems. tall buildings even higher than fifty stories can be designed by using frame- wall systems. with respect to special behavior of flexural frame or shear w...

during past earthquakes, many instances of building damage as a result of earthquake surface fault rupture have been observed. the results of investigating a potential mitigation scheme are presented in this paper. such plan provides a wall in the soil with the aim of surface displacement localization in the narrow pre-determined location. this may reduce the risk of the future rupture downstre...

buildings with wall or frame-wall systems are more effective against earthquake forces and sustain less damage than buildings which their lateral resistance is solely depends on frames. four reinforced concrete (rc) structural wall specimens were subjected to cyclic loading using finite elements method with abaqus software in order to study influence of diagonal web reinforcement. the research ...

Removal of the outer cell wall layers of a gram-negative marine pseudomonad (B-16) showed that these cells are penetrable by actinomycin D and that, therefore, neither the cytoplasmic membrane nor the peptidoglycan layer constitutes the barrier which excludes this antibiotic from intact cells, but that this barrier is formed by the outer layers of the cell wall which include the lipopolysacchar...

Streaks in the buffer layer of wall-bounded turbulence are tracked time to study their life-cycle. Spatially and temporally resolved direct numerical simulation data is used analyze strong wall-parallel movements conditioned low-speed streamwise flow. The analysis streaks shows that there a clear distinction between wall-attached detached streaks, former can be further categorized into containe...