The objective of this paper is to introduce an efficient algorithm, namely, the mathematically improved learning-self organizing map (MIL-SOM) algorithm, which speeds up the self-organizing map (SOM) training process. In the proposed MIL-SOM algorithm, the weights of Kohonen's SOM are based on the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. Thus, in a typical SOM learning setting, this i...

BACKGROUND With widespread resistance to antimonials in Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) in the Indian subcontinent, Miltefosine (MIL) has been introduced as the first line therapy. Surveillance of MIL susceptibility in natural populations of Leishmania donovani is vital to preserve it and support the VL elimination program. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We measured in vitro susceptibility to...

A crystal-like ordered microporous inorganic hybrid solid was prepared using silane functionalized Cr-MIL-101 (Si-MIL-101) as the precursor, via a surface coating reinforced framework strategy.

Highlight Research The effect of immersion duration shrimp to the immunostimulant from crude protein Zoothamnium penaei was determined. 20-minute in found increase phagocytosis activities, phenoloxidase, and improve hepatopancreases shrimp. There is phenoloxidase improved cell within a three-week maintenance with after each seven days. interaction between time into penaei. Abstract Enterocytozo...

A detailed hydrographic survey of the water column of the Amazon shelf was performed using stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes to determine the source and fate of waters on the shelf. δO-H2O and δD measurements were made on water column samples from approximately 60 stations (three depths per station) which were each collected during four Amasseds (A Multidisciplinary Amazon Shelf SEDiment Stud...

BACKGROUND Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted more attention in the last decade because of a suitable pore size, large surface area, and high pore volume. Developing biocompatible MOFs such as the MIL family as a drug delivery system is possible. PURPOSE Flurbiprofen (FBP), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, is practically insoluble in aqueous solution, and, therefore, needs ...

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Leishmania donovani is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Antimonials (SSG) have long been the first-line treatment against VL, but have now been replaced by miltefosine (MIL) in the Indian subcontinent due to the emergence of SSG-resistance. Our previous study hypothesised that SSG-resistant L. donovani might have increased in vivo survival skills whic...