To investigate the effects of orally administered reduced-glutathione (GSH) and oxidized-glutathione (GSSG) on liver GSH repletion and liver injury, acetaminophen (AAP) highly loaded rats were used. Orally administered GSH, dependent on dosage, indicated a protective effect against AAP-induced hepatotoxicity. This effect was associated with a recovery of liver GSH levels. Orally administered GS...

The glutathione redox couple is an information-rich redox buffer that interacts with numerous cellular components. To explore the role of glutathione in redox signalling, leaf contents were increased either chemically, by feeding reduced glutathione (GSH), or genetically, by over-expressing the first enzyme of the GSH biosynthetic pathway, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-ECS). Leaf dis...

PURPOSE To characterize glutathione (GSH) transport by cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (HRPE) cells. METHODS Cultured HRPE cells were pretreated with acivicin for GSH efflux and with buthionine sulfoximine for GSH uptake to prevent the breakdown and resynthesis of GSH. Efflux was measured by the linear rate of accumulation of GSH in the supernatant; uptake was measured using [35S] G...

Acetaminophen (AAP) overdose causes formation of nitrotyrosine, a footprint of peroxynitrite, in centrilobular hepatocytes. The importance of peroxynitrite for the pathophysiology, however, is unclear. C3Heb/FeJ mice were treated with 300 mg/kg AAP. To accelerate the restoration of hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels as potential endogenous scavengers of peroxynitrite, some groups of animals recei...

Glutathione (gamma-GluCysGly, GSH) is not found in most gram-positive bacteria, but some appear to synthesize it and others, including Streptococcus mutans ATCC 33402, import it from their growth medium. Import of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) by S. mutans 33402 in 7H9 medium was shown to require glucose and to occur with an apparent Km of 18+/-5 microM. GSSG, GSH, S-methylglutathione, and homocy...

Glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in a multitude of cellular processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, and disturbances in GSH homeostasis are involved in the etiology and progression of many human diseases including cancer. While GSH deficiency, or a decrease in the GSH/glutathione disulphide (GSSG) ratio, leads to an increased susceptibility to oxidative...

Changes in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), glutathione reductase (GSH-R), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PO), transketolase (TK) and transaldolase (TA) were studied in lens and red blood cells (RBCs) to understand the possible biochemical mechanisms responsible for the development of senile cataract. The activity of G-6-PD was increased in lens, though not so...

Glutathione, γ-glutamylcysteinylglycine, exists abundantly in nearly all organisms. Glutathione participates in various physiological processes involved in redox reactions by serving as an electron donor/acceptor. We found that the abundance of total glutathione increased up to 60% in resistant wheat plants within 72 hours following attack by the gall midge Mayetiola destructor, the Hessian fly...

Based on the specific tumor microenvironment, characterized by an overproduction of H2O2 and a high glutathione (GSH) concentration, cascade reactions nanomaterials, capable mediating GSH depletion reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, have become popular strategy to increase cancer therapy efficiency. In this study, we exploited reduced graphene oxide (rGO), one most promising graphene-bas...

Glutathione (GSH) and GSH-dependent enzymes play a key role in cellular detoxification processes that enable organism to cope with various internal and environmental stressors. However, it is often not clear, which components of the complex GSH-metabolism are required for tolerance towards a certain stressor. To address this question, a small scale RNAi-screen was carried out in Caenorhabditis ...