conclusions atypical chickenpox infections should be suspected in any patient who presents unexplained abdominal pain, fever, and dyspnea, even if cutaneous lesions are minimal. an early diagnosis can prevent a fatal outcome. introduction infection with varicella-zoster virus (vzv) in healthy adults tends to be more severe. antiviral medication (often prescribed for adults), is effective in red...

Speaking is a significant skill that many foreign language learners are trying to master. In this study, the effectiveness of two different speaking activities, i.e. oral presentation vs. free discussion, was investigated from quantitative and qualitative points of view. To achieve this purpose, 44 intermediate learners from a language institute in Tehran participated in the study. Half of the ...

In this paper, we consider the minimum Hamming weight for linear codes over special finite quasi-Frobenius rings. Furthermore, we obtain minimal free $R$-submodules of a finite quasi-Frobenius ring $R$  which contain a linear code and derive the relation between their minimum Hamming weights. Finally, we suggest an algorithm that computes this weight using the Grobner basis and we show that und...

Multitrial free and serial recall tasks differ both in recall instruction and in presentation order across trials. Waugh (1961) compared these paradigms with an intermediate condition: free recall with constant presentation order. She concluded that differences between free and serial recall were due only to recall instructions, and not to presentation order. The present study reevaluated the r...

A transversal matroid M can be represented by a collection of sets, called a presentation of M , whose partial transversals are the independent sets of M . Minimal presentations are those for which removing any element from any set gives a presentation of a different matroid. We study the connections between (single-element) transversal extensions of M and extensions of presentations of M . We ...

The behavior of complex networks under failure or attack depends strongly on the specific scenario. Of special interest are scale-free networks, which are usually seen as robust under random failure but appear to be especially vulnerable to targeted attacks. In recent studies of public transport networks of fourteen major cities of the world it was shown that these systems when represented by a...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is endowed with the ability to persist within its intracellular niche for years, often tilting the balance of the host–pathogen interaction in its favour. The host resists infection by releasing damaging free radicals, pushing the pathogen towards lysosomal degradation, releasing an arsenal of cytokines for triggering adaptive immunity and facilitating apoptosis for e...

BACKGROUND Angiomyolipomas are benign tumors of the kidney. Typical angiomyolipomas are usually recognized by identifying fat components before any intervention. On the contrary, solid renal masses without evident fatty components but containing calcifications on the computed tomography scan are suspicious for malignancy. However, as in this rare case, rules of diagnostic imaging are of excepti...