The gender wage gap among adult full-time workers, after controlling for educational attainment and other observable characteristics, is about half the size it was in 1980. Using Census and Current Population Survey data from 1959 through 1999, we assess the relative contributions of two factors to the decline in the gender wage gap: changes across cohorts in the relative slopes of men’s and wo...

A series of small-scale tests was undertaken to verify if granular anchors could be used as a slope stabilisation technique. The nature of the material used and the resulting loading configuration are described here. The work confirms that the inclusion of anchors within a slope mass, irrespective of their number or orientation, significantly enhances the capacity and ductility of the failure m...

FOR A KNOT K c S3, let S(K) c Q u {CQ} be the set of slopes of boundary curves of incompressible, %incompressible orientable surfaces in the knot exterior, slopes being normalized in the standard way so that a longitude has slope 0, a meridian slope co. These sets S(K) of %slopes are of special interest because of their relation with Dehn surgery and character varieties; see e.g., [2]. The only...

Which slopes can or cannot appear as Seifert fibered slopes for hyperbolic knots in the 3-sphere S? It is conjectured that if r -surgery on a hyperbolic knot in S yields a Seifert fiber space, then r is an integer. We show that for each integer n ∈ Z, there exists a tunnel number one, hyperbolic knot Kn in S 3 such that n-surgery on Kn produces a small Seifert fiber space. AMS Classification 57...

Various single-rider open vehicles, such as lawnmowers, are susceptible to overturning on slopes that are too steep for them. Warnings have included separation from the vehicles and avoiding slopes that are too steep. A recommended maximum slope is commonly 15 degrees. However, many individuals cannot evaluate slopes just by sight. Some mower manufacturers have warned about too steep slopes and...

Stability of reinforced slopes is almost always carried out using limit equilibrium methods and controlled by the shear strengths of the slope materials and the extension force of reinforcements. According to limit equilibrium methods, the stability of slopes is assessed by dividing the whole failure wedge into several vertical elements. In order to determine the safety factor of the reinforce...

The ability of an implanted ear to integrate multiple pulses, as measured by the slopes of detection threshold level (T level) versus pulse rate functions, may reflect cochlear health in the cochlea, as suggested by previous animal studies (Kang et al., 2010; Pfingst et al., 2011). In the current study, we examined the slopes of T level versus pulse rate functions in human subjects with cochlea...

mining and metallurgical projects are among those that require the most sizeable invest-ments undertaken in iran. one target of the current development plan and the ministry of mines and industries has been to attract foreign investment in mining projects. a survey of world-class mining companies was conducted to determine their expectations and in order to recommend a frame work for iran aimed...

At a site in the northwestern Sonoran Desert the percent ground cover for the C $ subshrub Encelia farinosa was eighttimes higher on more arid 20° south-facing slopes than on 20° north-facing slopes at 820 m elevation, and was sixtimes higher on north-facing slopes at a 300-m-lower elevation, also the more arid condition. The ground cover of the C % bunchgrass Pleuraphis rigida decreased over 5...

In this paper, effects of the cross shore and groyne wall slopes on flow parameters around an impermeable groyne were considered using a three-dimensional numerical CFD model (i.e., FLUENT). The k-ε turbulence model was used to evaluate the Reynolds stresses. The model was first applied to a vertical groyne on a flat bed and the model results were compared with the relevant experimental data. T...