the prevalence of the production of lithographic illustrated versions from the half of 13 century ah caused that painters join to the group of calligraphers and book producers in these workshops and in this way many illustrated versions were produced. in the most of available lithographic illustrated versions from qajar period, if the version has not any missing page from the opening to the end...

A new species of Pareas Wagler, 1830 is described from Dulongjiang Township, Gongshan County, Yunnan Province, China. Phylogenetically, the most closely related to kaduri Bhosale, Phansalkar, Sawant, Gowande, Patel and Mirza, 2020; however, genetic divergence (uncorrected p-distance) cyt b gene between P. reached 9.4%. Morphologically, can be distinguished by absence preoculars, loreal borderin...

Abu al-Ma'ani Mirza Abdul Qadir Bidel is one of the greatest mystical poets unity Existence. The use particular terms in a symbolic and way complicates elucidates artistic structure his poetry, limiting making difficult Saud on mountain ridge thought this eloquent mystic. This article seeks to explain what mystery its approach Persian poetry works gnostic mystics, especially Hazrat Abolmaani Bi...

herāt experienced a considerable boom of culture and art during the reign of timurids, especially during the long reign of shāhrokh and hossein bāyqārā. herāt’s cultural life had been influenced by several factors and issues which are going to be categorized in four classes of: promotion of shari'a, persian language expansion, iranian-based thoughts, and mysticism to be analyzed beside the...

Population bottlenecks as a result of habitat fragmentation or other anthropogenic disturbances are increasingly common, but their consequences remain poorly studied. We studied the genetic population structure of a solitary nocturnal primate, Mirza coquereli, to investigate the demographic history of a local subpopulation in Kirindy Forest, western Madagascar, which showed recent dramatic fluc...

Poeciliid fishes such as green swordtails Xiphophorus helleri and guppies Poecilia reticulata aggregate in social groups called shoals. In addition to reducing predation risk and increasing foraging efficiency (e.g. Magurran & Pitcher, 1987; Ranta & Juvonen, 1993), fish shoals promote the transfer of social information within the group. For instance, information about foraging routes is transmi...