development of pore network models for real porous media requires a detailed understanding of physical processes occurring on the microscopic scale and a complete description of porous media morphology. in this study, the microstructure of porous media has been represented by three dimensional networks of interconnected pores and throats which are designed by an object oriented approach. afterw...

The BCL-2 homolog BCL-XL, one of the two protein products of BCL2L1, has originally been characterized for its prominent prosurvival functions. Similar to BCL-2, BCL-XL binds to its multidomain proapoptotic counterparts BAX and BAK, hence preventing the formation of lethal pores in the mitochondrial outer membrane, as well as to multiple BH3-only proteins, thus interrupting apical proapoptotic ...

The release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol is a critical step for downstream caspase-mediated apoptotic signal transduction in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced myocardial tissue injury. 10-N-nonyl acridine orange (NAO), a cardiolipin-specific dye, has been shown to inhibit Bid-mediated cytochrome c release from isolated mitochondria in vitro; however, the possible protec...

26 Release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol is a critical step for 27 downstream caspase-mediated apoptotic signal transduction in ischemia/reperfusion 28 (I/R)-induced myocardial tissue injury. 10-N-nonyl acridine orange (NAO), a 29 cardiolipin-specific dye, has been shown to inhibit Bid-mediated cytochrome c release 30 from isolated mitochondria in vitro; however, the possible...

When tobacco BY-2 cells were treated with 60 microg/mL MC-RR for 5d, time-dependent effects of MC-RR on the cells were observed. Morphological changes such as abnormal elongation, evident chromatin condensation and margination, fragmentation of nucleus and formation of apoptotic-like bodies suggest that 60 microg/mL MC-RR induced rapid apoptosis in tobacco BY-2 cells. Moreover, there was a sign...

Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) measurements are widely used to determine pore throat size distribution (PSD) curves of porous materials. The pore throat size of porous materials has been used to estimate their compressive strength and air permeability. However, the effect of sample size on the determined PSD curves is often overlooked. In pursuit of a better understanding of the effect of ...

Inorganic nanopores occurring in the shale matrix have strong hydrophilicity and irreducible water (IW) film can be formed on inner surface of pores making gas flow mechanisms more complex. In this paper, existence inorganic is considered, and, based Knudsen number (Kn) correction pores, a apparent permeability model nano-pores established. The effect Kn permeability, ratio with pore radius IW ...

Chloroacetaldehyde (CAA) is a chlorination by-product in finished drinking water and a toxic metabolite of a wide variety of industrial chemicals (e.g. vinyl chloride) and chemotherapeutic agents (e.g. cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide). In this research, the cytotoxic mechanisms of CAA in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes were investigated.CAA cytotoxicity was associated with reactive oxygen spec...

Bax induces mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), a critical step in apoptosis in which proteins are released into the cytoplasm. To resolve aspects of the mechanism, we used cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to visualize Bax-induced pores in purified mitochondrial outer membranes (MOMs). We observed solitary pores that exhibited negative curvature at their edges. Over time, th...