Baluchi sheep is the dominant fat-tail breed in Iran. We studied the microbial communities in the rumen of four Baluchi lambs fed a high concentrate conventional diet. Using DNA extracted from the rumen samples, we found the partial ribosomal rRNA of bacterial and archaeal were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplicons were sequenced using 454 Titanium pyrosequencing and the d...

Baluchi sheep is the dominant fat-tail breed in Iran. We studied the microbial communities in the rumen of four Baluchi lambs fed a high concentrate conventional diet. Using DNA extracted from the rumen samples, we found the partial ribosomal rRNA of bacterial and archaeal were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplicons were sequenced using 454 Titanium pyrosequencing and the d...

Primiparous (n = 9) and multiparous (n = 18) Holstein cows averaging 584 +/- 15 kg of body weight (mean +/- SE) were allotted at 2 wk postpartum to nine groups (3 primiparous and 6 multiparous) of 3 cows each to determine the effects of pea extrusion on ruminal degradability and milk production. Cows were fed a total mixed diet based on timothy silage and concentrate for ad libitum intake. The ...

OBJECTIVE To characterize growth, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and bone mineral content (BMC) longitudinally in healthy infants fed breast milk (BM), cow's milk formula (CMF), or soy formula (SF) during the first year of life. STUDY DESIGN Infants were assessed at age 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Growth was evaluated using standard anthropometric techniques, and body composition was assesse...

In a balanced incomplete block design, two dry Holstein cows were used to investigate the effect of β 1-4 galactooligosaccharides (GOS) supplementation on nitrogen (N) utilization, rumen fermentation and microbial N supply in the rumen. During the experiment, cows were fed four diets: orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) silage (OS), OS with GOS supplementation (OSG), OS mixed with alfalfa (Med...

Regulation of the daily rhythm of milk synthesis is important to production animals and breastfeeding, but is difficult to observe in nursing animals. The rate of food intake varies over the day and is expected to create a daily rhythm of nutrient absorption. The objective of this study was to determine if the timing of food intake entrains a daily pattern of milk synthesis. Seventeen Holstein ...

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing maize in quail diets with graded levels of rumen filtrate-fermented cassava meal (FCM) on growth and egg production performances. Cassava meal (CM) was mixed with dried manure of layer at 75 g/kg CM, which was mixed with freshly collected rumen filtrate (at 1 L/5 kg CM), and finally fermented in sealed bags for 14 days. It was then s...

This paper presents a comparison of dry anaerobic digestion reactors fed with differently sorted municipal organic solid wastes. One reactor was fed with source sorted organic wastes and a second reactor was fed with mixed organic wastes consisting of grey wastes, mechanically selected municipal solid wastes and sludge. The two reactors utilised the same process (Valorga) and operational condit...

The balanced-diet hypothesis states that a diverse prey community is beneficial to consumers due to resource complementarity among the prey species. Nonselective consumer species cannot differentiate between prey items and are therefore not able to actively regulate their diet intake. We thus wanted to test whether the balanced-diet hypothesis is applicable to nonselective consumers. We conduct...

Various methods have been reported and used clinically to augment the nutrient supply for human milk-fed premature infants. These methods include specialized maltinutrient powdered mixtures (fortifiers), complete liquid formulas designed to be mixed with human milk, complete powdered formulas to be mixed with human milk, and alternate feeding of human milk and preterm formula. Although the opti...