The only licensed vaccine Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) cannot prevent the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB), which remains a major public health problem worldwide. A more effective TB vaccine than BCG is urgently needed. Subunit vaccine is a promising strategy, and suitable adjuvants will benefit the development of effective TB subunit vaccines. MTO, consisting of monophosph...

A malaria transmission-blocking vaccine would be a critical tool in achieving malaria elimination and eradication. By using chimpanzee adenovirus serotype 63 and modified vaccinia virus Ankara viral vectored vaccines, we investigated whether incorporating two antigens into one vaccine would result in higher transmission-reducing activity than one antigen. We demonstrated that when Pfs25 was adm...

BACKGROUND Virus-specific cellular immune responses play a critical role in virus clearance during acute or chronic HBV infection. Currently, the commercially available HBV vaccine is combined with alum adjuvant, which stimulates mainly Th2 immune responses. Therefore, development of new therapeutic HBV vaccine adjuvants and immune strategies that also promote Th1 and CTL responses is urgently ...

BACKGROUND Development of influenza vaccines that induce mucosal immunity has been highlighted by the World Health Organisation as a priority (Vaccine 2005;23:1529). Dose-sparing strategies and an efficient mass-vaccination regime will be paramount to reduce the morbidity and mortality of a future H5N1 pandemic. OBJECTIVES This study has investigated the immune response and the dose-sparing p...

The worldwide expansion of four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV) poses great risk to global public health. Several vaccine candidates are under development. However, none is yet available for humans. In the present study, a novel strategy to produce tetravalent DENV vaccine based on envelope protein domain III (EDIII) was proposed. Tandem EDIIIs of two serotypes (type 1-2 and type 3-4) of DENV ...

background as per the vaccine management policy of the government of india all vaccine vials opened for an immunization session were discarded at the end of that session, irrespective of the type of vaccine or the number of doses remaining in the vial prior to 2013. subsequently, open vial policy (ovp) was introduced in 2013 and should reduce both vaccine wastage as well as governmental healthc...

Vaccine delivery in under-resourced locations with security risks is not just challenging but also life threatening. The COVID pandemic and the need to vaccinate added even more urgency this issue. Motivated by problem, we propose a general framework set-up limited temporary (vaccination) centers that balance physical desired (vaccine) service coverage resources. We problem as Stackelberg game ...

Measles has been a major cause of illness and death in children and vaccination against the disease is part of the WHO global immunization program. A suitable vaccine should create maximum immune response against the pathogen and must be safe for the user. Thus, after production, vaccines must be analyzed and controlled by the producer and confirm by relevant governmental organizations. The Foo...

Measles has been a major cause of illness and death in children and vaccination against the disease is part of the WHO global immunization program. A suitable vaccine should create maximum immune response against the pathogen and must be safe for the user. Thus, after production, vaccines must be analyzed and controlled by the producer and confirm by relevant governmental organizations. The Foo...