This work introduces a model that can recognize objects in images even if no training data is available for the objects. The only necessary knowledge about the unseen categories comes from unsupervised large text corpora. In our zero-shot framework distributional information in language can be seen as spanning a semantic basis for understanding what objects look like. Most previous zero-shot le...

Propositional modal logic is a standard tool in many disciplines, but first-order modal logic is not. There are several reasons for this, including multiplicity of versions and inadequate syntax. In this paper we sketch a syntax and semantics for a natural, well-behaved version of first-order modal logic, and show it copes easily with several familiar difficulties. And we provide tableau proof ...

One of the main challenges in learning fine-grained visual categories is gathering training images. Recent work in Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) circumvents this challenge by describing categories via attributes or text. However, not all visual concepts, e.g ., two people dancing, are easily amenable to such descriptions. In this paper, we propose a new modality for ZSL using visual abstraction to l...

As more international students who are not expert users of English come to the United States to study at university, the field of teaching English for Academic Purposes grows. There are many important skills these international students must learn to become successful university students in America, but writing for academic purposes is of particular importance for these students to join the aca...

Due to the massive explosion of multimedia content on the web, users demand a new type of information retrieval, called cross-modal multimedia retrieval where users submit queries of one media type and get results of various other media types. Performing effective retrieval of heterogeneous multimedia content brings new challenges. One essential aspect of these challenges is to learn a heteroge...

Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) is a powerful algorithm for space search problems such as parametric optimisation. Particles with Lévy-Flights have a long-tailed probability of outlier jumps in the problem space that provide a good compromise between local space exploration and local minima avoidance. Generating many particles and their trajectories with Lévy-random deviates is computationall...

Recent years have seen the emergence of a new generation of heavily-optimised modal decision procedures. Several systems based on such procedures are now available and have proved to be much more effective than the previous generation of modal decision procedures. As both computational complexity and algorithm complexity are generally unchanged, neither is useful in analysing and comparing thes...

In this paper we introduce a framework for speciication-based testing of interactive systems. Interactive systems can be analysed and developed in terms of functionality, presentation and behaviour. Testing information for interactive systems can be derived from formal speciications of these aspects. The paper uses the Multi-modal Airline Travel Information System (MATIS) speciication of Duke a...

We present design and implementation of a system that tries to automatically determine the subset relation between two given axiomatizations of almost arbitrary propositional modal logics, which is an open challenge problem for automated theorem proving. A test suite shows that relatively simple strategies can lead to satisfactory results, but also that certain subproblems are hard for current ...

Traditional whiteboards are a common medium for mathematics education, and are particularly suited to the high school and college level where conceptual understanding of the subject matter is emphasized above procedural understanding. Although considerable work has been done to apply sketch-based interaction to mathematics learning, very few have addressed this from the perspective of teaching ...