Transcatheter aortic valve implantation is now accepted as a standard mode of treatment for an increasingly large population of patients with severe aortic stenosis. With the availability of this technique, echocardiographers need to be familiar with the imaging characteristics that can help to identify which patients are best suited to conventional surgery or transcatheter aortic valve implant...

Using M-mode echocardiography, we measured dimensions of the ventricular walls and cavities, great vessels, and left atrium and atrioventricular valve excursions on 93 infants and children without heart disease. The data were analyzed by relating each dimension in mm to body surface area in m2 and the 90% tolerance limits for the data were calculated. The tolerance lines of the data were wider ...

Echocardiography has greatly influenced the catheterization laboratory patient profile. The remarkable diagnostic precision of this tool has essentially eliminated the need for preoperative diagnostic catheterization in many of the common congenital lesions, such as tetralogy of Fallot, total anomalous pulmonary venous return, and endocardial cushion defects , . On the other hand, echocardiogra...

Today, echocardiography is an essential non-invasive diagnostic imaging tool used in clinics worldwide. However, the application of ultrasound to heart began only about 70 years ago. In early 1950s, Hertz and Edler described use for myocardial walls mitral valve diseases. Feigenbaum (1960s) expanded clinical M-mode echocardiography. The advent two-dimensional (2D) (1970s), spectral Doppler colo...

Pocket ultrasound devices have recently been developed and may be particularly useful for emergency assessment. These devices can be stored in a pocket but share only some technical features with conventional echocardiographic machines. Two-dimensional imaging and color flow mode are available, with possible adjustments of global gain and depth, but Doppler features are lacking. These devices a...