drought is a complex natural phenomenon that can occur in any climate. hydrologic drought in the river flow of arid and semi-arid areas causes serious shortages, threatens the quality of life, and impacts on the economy. understanding this feature is then essential for the management of water resources. hydrologic drought in the sense of deficient river flow is defined as the periods that river...

In central Kenya, in the ecological transition zone from semi -humid to semi-arid, climatic and human induced land cover changes have an immense impact on the ecosystem. Therefore, investigations were made to analyse the potential to separate 10 detailed land use/land cover classes in this area from multitemporal ENVISAT ASAR data. Besides mean, different texture measures like variance, coeffic...

Most paddy rice in the world grows in warm, humid and rainy environment where it is hard to acquire optical remote sensing data. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) can acquire remote sensing information due to its all weather imaging and frequent revisit capability in the areas. A semi-empirical backscattering model was used to estimate leaf area index (LAI) from ENVISAT ASAR (Advanced Synthetic Ap...

Because of the differences between indoor and outdoor thermal condition, preparing some outdoor thermal indices is a way to understand and categorize the outdoor thermal sensation. The aim of these indices is not to provide thermal comfort - as it is the aim of indoor indices. Instead, they are provided to analyze outdoor thermal sensation to help architects, landscape architects and urban desi...

Although trees in the agroforestry system play diverse roles meeting food, fodder, wood, and energy requirements of agrarian community, their multifunctional contribution often remains understudied, especially while assessing socio-economic status (SES) farmers. Therefore, we conceptualized, developed, standardized an instrument to appraise SES farmers who practice semi-arid sub-humid regions I...