A second chromosomal trans-acting modifier, Lightener of white (Low), modulates the phenotypic expression of various alleles of the white eye color gene. This modifier has an unusually broad spectrum of affected genes including white, brown, scarlet and the eye developmental genes, Bar and Lobe. In addition, Low weakly suppresses position effect variegation. Northern blot hybridization with dif...

The mechanisms responsible for the determination of phenotypes are still not well understood; however, it has become apparent that modifier genes must play a considerable role in the phenotypic heterogeneity of Mendelian disorders. Significant advances in genetic technologies and molecular medicine allow huge amounts of information to be generated from individual samples within a reasonable tim...

The theory of evolution at a selectively neutral locus that controls the recombination between two major loci that are under selection is studied. If the major loci are at a stable equilibrium in linkage disequilibrium under selection and recombination, then a mutation at the modifier locus will increase in frequency when rare if and only if it decreases the recombination fraction. If the major...

In eukaryotes, the covalent attachment of ubiquitin chains directs substrates to the proteasome for degradation. Recently, ubiquitin-like modifications have also been described in the archaeal domain of life. It has subsequently been hypothesized that ubiquitin-like proteasomal degradation might also operate in these microbes, since all archaeal species utilize homologues of the eukaryotic prot...

In this short note, the recently popular modifier-adaptation framework for real-time optimization is discussed in tandem with the well-developed trustregion framework of numerical optimization, and it is shown that the basic version of the former is simply a special case of the latter. This relation is then exploited to propose a globally convergent modifier-adaptation algorithm using already d...

in this study, a rapid and simple method based on graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (gfaas) is described for direct determination of arsenic in potassium citrate tablet samples. pyrolytic graphite tubes were used as atomizers. nickel nitrate was used as chemical modifier. the ashing and atomization temperature and the concentration of modifier were also optimized. the detection li...

In NTCIR-10, we participated in the subtask of Subtopic Mining. We classify test topics into two types: role-explicit topic and roleimplicit topic. According to the topic type, we devise different approaches to perform subtopic mining. Specifically, for roleexplicit topics, we propose an approach of modifier graph based subtopic mining. The key idea is that: The modifier graph corresponding to ...