3.4.5. Example 5: Volcanic Activity 658 3.4.6. Example 6: Soil Moisture 659 3.5. Discussion and Conclusions 659 4. Body Sensor Networks 661 4.1. Wearable Sensors 661 4.2. Functionalized Fabrics 662 4.2.1. Metal Fibers 662 4.2.2. Conductive Inks 662 4.2.3. Inherently Conducting Polymers 662 4.2.4. Optical Fibers 662 4.2.5. Coating with Nanoparticles 662 4.2.6. Integrated Components 663 4.2.7. We...

data for this study was collected. Since that time, the network has been upgraded to 114 stations, and current plans call to augment all "core-parameter sites" with the full complement of "supplemental" sensors, including soil moisture sensors at each Mesonet site. Figure 1. Predicted response from the Barnes objective analysis scheme using four passes for both the Mesonet and Federal network. ...

Soil moisture information is of critical importance to real-world applications such as agriculture, water resource management, flood, fire and landslide prediction, mobility, soil hydraulic parameter estimation etc. Many of these applications require soil moisture information at high resolution. While this may be estimated from land surface models, the predictions are often poor due to inadequa...

The mapping and forecasting of droughts and floods is an important potential field of application of global soil moisture and water storage products from satellites and models. Especially when extremes in near-surface soil moisture propagate into extremes in total water storage, agricultural production and water supply can be severely impacted. This study relates soil moisture from the WaterGAP...

The monitoring of temperature and moisture changes in response to different micro-environment of building stones is essential to understand the material behaviour and the degradation mechanisms. From a practical point of view, having a continuous and detailed understanding of micro-environmental changes in building stones helps to assist in their maintenance and repair strategies. Temperature w...

The microwave response of bare soil surfaces is influenced by a variety of parameters such as surface roughness, vegetation density, soil texture and soil moisture. It makes the soil moisture estimation process more complex. In such condition, the estimation of the soil moisture using microwave data with fast and less complex computing technique is a significant area of research today. The arti...

We develop wireless sensor network, control system, and data analysis technologies for dynamic and near-real-time validation of space-borne soil moisture measurements, in particular those from the Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) mission. Soil moisture fields are functions of variables that change over time across the range of scales from a few meters to several kilometers. We develop se...

The NOAA Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) program has deployed soil moisture observing networks in the watersheds of the Russian River and the North Fork (NF) of the American River in northern California, and the San Pedro River in southeastern Arizona. These networks were designed to serve the combined needs of the hydrological, meteorological, agricultural, and climatological communities for ob...

The development of satellite-based forecasting systems is one of the few affordable solutions for developing regions (e.g., West Africa) that cannot afford ground-based observation networks. Although low-frequency passive microwave data have been used extensively for land surface monitoring, the use of high-frequency passive microwave data that contain cloud information is very limited over lan...

The use of hyperspectral imagery for robotics is predicted to increase as costs of sensors decline. A library of spectra can be used to map hyperspectral data to identify objects by comparing their reflectance signature to known materials. In this paper, methods used to build the spectral library to map geology on mine faces are described. The library includes various (simulated) environmental ...