We propose to use multiple-imaged gravitational lenses to set limits on gravity theories without dark matter, specificly TeVeS (Bekenstein 2004), a theory which is consistent with fundamental relativistic principles and the phenomenology of MOdified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) theory. After setting the framework for lensing and cosmology, we derive analytically the deflection angle for the point ...

BACKGROUND The measurement of head circumference (HC) at birth reflects intrauterine brain development. HC charts currently used in Canada are either dated, mixed-gender, nonrepresentative of lower gestational ages (GAs), or reflective of other populations. METHODS To create both birth weight and HC curves, we combined weight and HC data from the Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN) database (admi...

The recently proposed aether scalar tensor (AeST) model reproduces both the successes of particle dark matter on cosmological scales and those modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) galactic scales. But AeST MOND only up to a certain maximum galactocentric radius. Since is known fit very well observations at these scales, this raises question whether comes into tension with data. We tested or not i...

Bector et al., (1994) introduced the concept of univexity. Mishra (1998), Mishra and Reuda (2001) and Mishra et al., (2005) have applied and generalized these functions. Mathematical programming in complex spaces originated from Levinson’s discussion of linear problems (Levinson, 1966). Mishra and Reuda (2003) have generalized these upto first orders, second order with symmetric duality. Furthe...