The paper presents a theory of the demand for money that combines a special case of the shopping time exchange economy with the cash-in-advance framework. The model predicts that both higher inflation and financial innovation that reduces the cost of credit induce agents to substitute away from money towards exchange credit. This results in an interest elasticity of money that rises with the in...

‘ONSIDERABLE empirical work and a significant, but considerably smaller, volume of theoretical effort has been devoted to the question of the short-run, dynamic adjustment of the demand for money. Much of the impetus for the empirical work came from the classic study by Chow (1966), who employed the partial adjustment model to characterize the adjustment of actual to desired real money balances.

One of the current questions in the literature on she demand for money is whether the adjustment of actual lo desired money holdings is in nominal or real terms. This paper describes a simple procedure that can be used to test the nominal against the real hypothesis. The test is carried out for 27 countries. The paper also tests the svuctural stability of the demand for money equations and the ...

The observed low velocity of circulation of money implies that households hold more money than they normally spend. A natural explanation for this behavior is that households face uncertain expenditure needs, so they have a precautionary motive for holding money. We investigate the precautionary demand for money in a search model where households are subject to preference shocks. The model pred...

This essay describes and critically evaluates the important features of some approaches to the problem of incorporating money in general equilibrium models and ensuring a positive demand for money. The types of approaches considered are introducing money into the utility function, and modelling the transactions demand for money through the use of cash-in-advance constraints, real resource costs...

We develop a general framework to examine how the presence of a monetary transmission mechanism shapes aggregate responses to shocks and the effects of monetary policy. Our framework nests two leading monetary models: a text-book New Keynesian setting and a setting where small transactions costs associated with adjustments in households’ money balances lead to an evolving distribution of money ...

Consumers make transactions of different sizes over time. This paper shows that this fact, together with transaction costs of various assets, can help in developing a theory of liquidity. Assets with different cost structures are used to purchase different sizes of transactions. This can explain the demand for money itself, the precautionary demand for money, and the demand for cash and demand ...

This article focuses on various ways that the implicit rate on demand deposits can be measured, and the effects of using these implicit rates in analyzing the demand for money. The presence of implicit payments on demand deposits is a likely result of the competitive nature of the banking system. Deposits are a primary source of funds that banks can use to earn a market rate of return. Competit...