OPTIMIZING CONTROL OF OPERations in a municipal water-distribution system can reduce electricity costs and realize other economic benefits. However, optimal control requires an ability to precisely predict short-term water demand so that minimumcost pumping schedules can be prepared. One of the objectives of our project to develop an intelligent system for monitoring and controlling municipal w...

the larsemann hills range is an ice-free oasis on the ingrid christensen coast of princess elizabeth land, east antarctica, which includes bharti island, fisher island, mcleod island, broknes peninsula, stornes peninsula, and several other islands, promontories, and nunataks. the larsemann hills is an ice-free area of approximately 50 km2, located halfway between the vestfold hills and the amer...

Known as the kidney of earth, wetland has significant ecological functions such as freshwater conservation, poison elimination, carbon storage, water quality purification, flood storage and drought control, climate regulation and remaining biodiversity etc. So protecting wetland is protecting ourselves. Water environment quality best reflects the ecological environment condition of wetland. Acc...

Knowledge of the distribution of groundwater contaminant plumes is needed to avoid pumping contaminated water, assess past exposure to contamination, and design remediation schemes to contain or treat the contaminated area. In most field cases, however, contamination is discovered by a small number of fortuitously located wells, and the full distribution of the plume is never known. This paper ...

Corrosion and scaling in drinking water sources can lead to economic and health damages. These processes produce by-products in distribution systems, reduce chemical water quality, and are the cause of health issues among consumers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the corrosion and scaling potential of water supply sources of Marivan villages, Iran. In total, 106 water samples were collec...

Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) is increasingly applied to estimate drinking water safety. In QMRA the risk of infection is calculated from pathogen concentrations in drinking water, water consumption and dose response relations. Pathogen concentrations in drinking water are generally low and monitoring provides little information for QMRA. Therefore pathogen concentrations are mo...

BACKGROUND The occurrence of faecal pathogens in drinking water resources constitutes a threat to the supply of safe drinking water, even in industrialized nations. To efficiently assess and monitor the risk posed by these pathogens, sampling deserves careful design, based on preliminary knowledge on their distribution dynamics in water. For the protozoan pathogens Cryptosporidium and Giardia, ...