The effect of mild chronic renal failure (CRF) induced by 4/6-nephrectomy (4/6NX) on central neuronal activations was investigated by c-Fos immunohistochemistry staining and compared to sham-operated rats. In the 4/6 NX rats also the effect of the angiotensin receptor blocker, losartan, and the central sympatholyticum moxonidine was studied for two months. In serial brain sections Fos-immunorea...

Infections caused by influenza A virus have been proposed to be associated with neuropsychiatric complications, the mechanisms of which remain to be unravelled. We here report that a neurotropic strain of influenza A virus (A/WSN/33) introduced into the olfactory bulbs of C57BL/6 (B6) mice, selectively attacks habenular, paraventricular thalamic, and brainstem monoaminergic neurons. In the habe...

Advances in clinical and basic research methodology combined with clearly articulated concepts create new opportunities for researching the roles of cholinergic mechanisms in the pathophysiology of affective disorders. Areas for study include: 1) roles of cholinergic mechanisms in mediating effects of stress and cholinergic mechanisms linking the pathophysiologies of affective and panic disorde...

Monoaminergic dysregulation is implicated in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and methylphenidate and amphetamines are the most frequently prescribed pharmacological agents for treating ADHD. However, it has recently been proposed that the core symptoms of the disorder might be due to an imbalance between monoaminergic and cholinergic systems. In this study, we used fibroblast c...

Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic with μ-opioid, monoaminergic, and local anesthetic effects. In view of the involvement of the opioid and monoaminergic systems in pain pathways, the study was conducted to evaluate tramadol as an epidural analgesic in dogs. Ten healthy adult dogs (mean ± SEM body weight = 17.3 ± 3.8 kg) were premedicated with acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg, IM), induced with t...