Bamboos are arborescent monocotyledons that have no secondary growth, but can continually produce conduits with diameters appropriate to the current size of plant. Here, we studied bamboo hydraulic architecture address mechanisms involved in compensating for increase resistance during ontogeny. We measured weighted vessel (Dh) at different distances from apex along stem Bambusa textilis. The co...

White turmeric has underground stems that develop rhizomes. It been used as an Eastern traditional herb for a long time. As with many other monocotyledons, the growth of white is mainly due to presence primary thickening meristem. Currently, study meristem, radial growth, and accumulation secondary material essential oil in rhizomes, including turmeric, still limited. In this study, we observed...

We examined three parallel data sets with respect to qualities relevant to phylogenetic analysis of 20 exemplar monocotyledons and related dicotyledons. The three data sets represent restriction-site variation in the inverted repeat region of the chloroplast genome, and nucleotide sequence variation in the chloroplast-encoded gene rbcL and in the mitochondrion-encoded gene atpA, the latter of w...

Returning to the sea, just like invasion of land, has occurred in many groups of animals and plants. For flowering plants, traits adapted to the terrestrial environments have to change or adopt a new function to allow the plants to survive and prosper in the sea where water motion tends to rotate and move seeds. In this investigation, how seeds of the seagrass Thalassia hemprichii (Hydrocharita...

The challenge of sustaining food security in the context of global changes is at the heart of plant research. Environmental stresses, in particular, are known to impact genome stability and epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic pathways are well characterized in plants, particularly in the dicotyledon model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, but an increasing number of epigenetic and epigenomic studies ar...

The ever-increasing wealth of whole-genome information prompts for phylogenies based on entire genomes. The quest for a good distance measure, however, poses a big challenge; e.g. because of large-scale evolutionary events such as genomic rearrangements or inversions. We introduce here an information theory driven measure that for the encoded protein domain composition of genomes as protein dom...

4-Coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL; EC 6.2.1.12) is a key enzyme in the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathways for monolignol and flavonoid biosynthesis. 4CL has been much studied in dicotyledons, but its function is not completely understood in monocotyledons, which display a different monolignol composition and phenylpropanoid profile. In this study, five members of the 4CL gene family in the ric...