UNLABELLED Although dopamine receptor antagonism has long been associated with impairments in motor performance, more recent studies have shown that dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) antagonism, paired with a motor task, not only impairs motor performance concomitant with the pharmacodynamics of the drug, but also impairs future motor performance once antagonism has been relieved. We have termed this ...

Neurologic paraneoplastic syndromes (NPS) are remote neurologic effects, except metastasis, of systemic cancers. These are a rare group of disorders, commonly associated with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC).1 Various NPS have been described, including motor neuronopathy. The motor neuronopathy has commonly been described with small cell carcinoma of lung, breast cancer and lymphoproliferative ...

Recent studies have indicated the additional role of cerebellum beyond motor coordination non-motor and socio-cognitive tasks. Exploration of cerebellar roles in timing and plasticity have been attributed specific roles in neurological conditions such as ataxia, severe disorders such as Parkinson’s and epilepsy. Cerebellar dysfunctions elaborate the need of research on cerebellar circuitry and ...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects both upper and lower motor neurons in the motor cortex of the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord. Because of the progressive degeneration of motor neurons, ALS eventually leads to their death. Degenerating motor neurons develop protein-rich inclusions in their cell bodies and axons, which may be due to, a...

Cerebellar ataxias comprise a wide range of etiologies leading to central nervous system-related motor and non-motor symptoms. Recently, a large body of evidence has demonstrated a high frequency of non-motor manifestations in cerebellar ataxias, specially in autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA). Among these non-motor dysfunctions, sleep disorders have been recognized, although stil...

OBJECTIVE To investigate psychiatric and neurological morbidity, diagnostic stability, and indicators of prognosis in patients previously identified as having medically unexplained motor symptoms. DESIGN Follow up study. SETTING National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London--a secondary and tertiary referral hospital for neurological disorders. SUBJECTS 73 patients with medical...

Parkinson's disease (PD) can present with a variety of motor disorders that fluctuate throughout the day, making assessment a challenging task. Paper-based measurement tools can be burdensome to the patient and clinician and lack the temporal resolution needed to accurately and objectively track changes in motor symptom severity throughout the day. Wearable sensor-based systems that continuousl...

This article reviews four of the involuntary hyperkinetic motor disorders that affect the orofacial region: bruxism, orofacial dystonia, oromandibular dyskinesia, and medication-induced extrapyramidal syndrome-dystonic reactions. It discusses and contrasts the clinical features and management strategies for spontaneous, primary, and drug-induced motor disorders in the orofacial region. The arti...

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative illness that is recognized clinically by its cardinal motor features: tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia. However, it is increasingly clear that much of the suffering and disability associated with PD is caused by psychiatric disorders. Some of these seem to be intrinsic to PD and likely emerge from the same pathogenic process that gives...

PURPOSE A review of the salient characteristics of motor speech disorders and common assessment protocols revealed the need for a novel reading passage tailored specifically to differentiate between and among the dysarthrias (DYSs) and apraxia of speech (AOS). METHOD "The Caterpillar" passage was designed to provide a contemporary, easily read, contextual speech sample with specific tasks (e....