Fatal motor vehicle crashes per capita remained relatively stable over the 1990s, in spite of new traffic safety laws and vehicle innovations. One explanation for this stability is that the price of gasoline declined, which resulted in more vehicle miles traveled and potentially more fatalities. By using 1983-2000 monthly gasoline price and fatality panel data and fixed effects specifications, ...

OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the contributions of rural residence, alcohol use, and pedestrian fatalities to the high American Indian motor-vehicle crash mortality rate in Arizona. METHODS Records from the Fatal Accident Reporting System were used to examine mortality rates between 1979 and 1988. RESULTS American Indians had increased relative risks in all motor-vehicle crash categories ...

Air-bags have received widespread support as an effective means of enhancing automotive safety, and they are becoming more common as standard automobile equipment on many cars. Although air-bag induced ocular injuries are rare, they present a serious concern because of the possibility of permanent damage or visual impairment. To date, most reports have investigated ocular injury from high veloc...

During 1 year we monitored changes in clinical disability scores in 10 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who sustained head trauma from motor vehicle accidents. Disability significantly increased immediately after trauma, but returned to baseline levels in subsequent weeks. These patients' signs deteriorated over the subsequent year, but this decline was equivalent to that of a matched con...

BACKGROUND Highway vehicle CO emissions have decreased 85% since introduction of the catalytic converter in 1975. We sought to examine whether morbidity and mortality from intentional motor vehicle-related CO poisoning have also changed. METHODS Vehicle CO emissions data from 1970-2013 were obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention...

OBJECTIVE Injuries sustained in motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) are a major challenge to the Jamaican healthcare system. In November 1999, Jamaica enacted legislation to make seat belt usage in motor vehicles compulsory. The effect of this policy change on seat belt usage is unclear. This study therefore sought to determine the prevalence of seat belt usage and to determine the association betwe...

In this paper, an electric vehicle drive with a robust and low cost alternating current (AC) induction motor is presented. This approach is applied to an existing commercial utility electric vehicle where previously used direct current (DC) series motor was replaced by the new AC induction motor. The use of three-phase squirrel cage induction motor requires implementing of voltage source invert...

This paper deals with sensor fault detection within a reconfigurable direct torque control of an induction motor-based electric vehicle. The proposed strategy concerns current, voltage, and speed sensors faults that are detected and followed by post faulttolerant control to allow the vehicle continuous operation. The proposed approach is validated through experiments on an induction motor drive...

The damping ratio of chassis suspension is a key parameter for damping matching of in-wheel motor vehicles (IWMVs). Because the motor is attached to the driving wheel, the initial design method of the damping ratio for traditional cars is not entirely suitable for IWMVs. This paper proposes an innovative initial design method of the damping ratio for IWMVs. Firstly, a traveling vibration model ...