Today, an increasing number of customers subscribes for a high bandwidth internet access. But not only communication speed is demanded. Quality of Service (QoS) moves more and more into the customers focus. Both Carriers and Internet Service Providers (ISPs) have increasing requirements derived from new services they want to offer to their customers. A new hardware solution is presented, which ...

MPLS has been developed to provide efficient traffic engineering capability for the massive high-speed Internet traffic. The major advantages of the MPLS are (i) fast label switching mechanism to increase the packet forwarding capability, and (ii) the connection oriented traffic engineering to provide flexible load balancing in the transit network. DiffServ-over-MPLS architecture provides diffe...

MPLS has allowed us to add connectionoriented capabilities over Internet. In addition to this, by reading only the label rather than the entire IP packet, routers are able to achieve higher forwarding speeds. Supporting mobile users in MPLS-based wireless networks and its various derivatives is quite a new subject, still in the research stage. Several schemes to support mobility in MPLS (e.g. H...

MPLS is sometimes used synonymously with QoS, but more accurately, it is a QoSenabling technology that forces application flows into connection-oriented paths and provides mechanisms for traffic engineering and bandwidth guarantees along these paths. Furthermore, when an MPLS network supports DiffServ, traffic flows can receive classbased admission, differentiated queue servicing in the network...

This document provides an overview of the Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) toolset for MPLS-based transport networks. The toolset consists of a comprehensive set of fault management and performance monitoring capabilities (operating in the data plane) that are appropriate for transport networks as required in RFC 5860 and support the network and services at different nested lev...

Label-based switching schemes, such as MPLS, have been known to be an effective mechanism in overcoming many challenges in core networks. Softwaredefined networking, while a much more recent development, is seen to have the potential to revolutionize networking. But some network researchers, even within the SDN community, believe, for SDN to flourish, it must adopt a more structured model with ...

Network survivability is the ability of a network to recover traffic delivery following failure or degradation of network resources. Survivability is critical for the delivery of guaranteed network services, such as those subject to strict Service Level Agreements (SLAs) that place maximum bounds on the length of time that services may be degraded or unavailable. The Transport Profile of Multip...

Pronunciation is the fundamental step in learning a second language (L2) or foreign (FL). This crucial that cannot be excluded from process of L2 FL teaching and learning. Apart that, pronunciation not only an indicator to measure learners’ acquisition language, but also tool ensure effectiveness communication between speaker listener. However, instruction has been absent classrooms for long pe...

The Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol, Version 3 (L2TPv3) defines a protocol for tunneling a variety of payload types over IP networks. This document defines how to carry an MPLS label stack and its payload over the L2TPv3 data encapsulation. This enables an application that traditionally requires an MPLS-enabled core network, to utilize an L2TPv3 encapsulation over an IP network instead. Townsley, et...

The Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) framework. It is a versatile solution to address the problems faced by present-day networks like speed, scalability and traffic engineering. However, the Quality of Service (QoS) management of MPLS is made by static methods. In this paper, we propose a solution based on MultiAgent Systems (MAS) to manage the ...