Models of anxiety and fear of novelty were evaluated using correlations and principal component analysis. A total of 84 pigs (LandracexYorkshire) from nine different litters were subjected to a tonic immobility (TI) test at the age of 2.5 weeks, an elevated plus-maze (EPM) at the age of 6 weeks, a light/dark (L/D) exploration test at the age of 7 weeks and an open-field (OF) test at the age of ...

We introduce and analyze an exterior-pointmethod (EPM) for constrained optimization problems with both inequality constraints and equations. We show that under the standard second-order optimality conditions the EPM converges to the primal–dual solution with 1.5-Q-superlinear rate.

We introduce and analyze an exterior-point method (epm) for constrained optimization problems with both inequality constraints and equations. We show that under the standard second-order optimality conditions the epm converges to the primal-dual solution with 1.5-Q-superlinear rate.

Background: Medicinal plants with natural antioxidants have been shown to be beneficial in a variety of complications such as anxiety. The elevated plus-maze (EPM) is one of the most widely used models to assess anxiety in small rodents. Objectives: This study was designed to characterize the anxiolytic-like activity of Borago officinalis (Linnaeus, family Boraginaceae) or Borage flowers extrac...

The elevated plus-maze (EPM) is currently used to study the neural basis of anxiety as well as to assess the anxietymodulating activity of various pharmacological agents. Although the anxiogenic stimulus is supposed to be the open space in this test, the anxiety-related behavioral baseline of rats is sensitive to numerous methodological-linked parameters [1]. In order to improve the quality of ...

The antiproliferative activity of the aspirin derivative [2-acetoxy-(2-propynyl)benzoate]hexacarbonyldicobalt (Co-ASS) and its analogue hexacarbonyl[μ-(2-ethylphenyl)methanol]dicobalt (Co-EPM) was investigated on malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cell lines, having an epithelioid or a sarcomatoid phenotype. In sarcomatoid cell lines Co-ASS was more potent than Co-EPM and the prototypal metal...

Rat bone marrow (BM) small cells were enriched by velocity sedimentation, further separated by means of free-flow electrophoresis, and characterized using Tand B-cell-specific surface markers. More than 80% of these cells were small lymphocytes by morphological criteria and reacted with lymphocyte-specific antisera. A minority of cells had high electrophoretic mobility (EPM), carried surface an...

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a neurologic syndrome seen in horses from the Americas and is mainly caused by Sarcocystis neurona. Recently, a 29-kDa surface antigen from S. neurona merozoites was identified as being highly immunodominant on a Western blot. This antigen has been sequenced and cloned, and the expressed protein has been named SnSAG1. In a previous study, cell-mediate...

Departamento de Neurologia, Psiquiatria e Psicologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo SP, Brazil; Disciplina de Neurologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), São P...

As well as being considered a reliable measurement instrument of animal anxiety-like behavior, the elevated plus-maze (EPM) is also used as a post-hoc test to evaluate emotionality in genetically modified rodents. The present review considers factors which may further improve the validity (predictive/face/construct) of the EPM model: (1) the importance of measuring defensive patterns of respons...