The microtubule (MT) "plus end" constitutes the platform for the accumulation of a structurally and functionally diverse group of proteins, collectively called "MT plus-end tracking proteins" (+TIPs). +TIPs control MT dynamics and link MTs to diverse sub-cellular structures. Neurospora crassaMicroTubule Binding protein-3 (MTB-3) is the homolog of yeast EB1, a highly conserved +TIP. To address t...

The intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes tuberculosis, and one of its secreted effector proteins, called enhanced intracellular survival (Eis) protein, enhances its survival in macrophages. Mtb Eis activates JNK-specific dual-specificity protein phosphatase 16 (DUSP16)/mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-7 (MKP-7) through the acetylation on Lys55, thus inactiv...

OBJECTIVE Infection by MTB or exposure to MTB constituents is associated with intense microbial stimulation of the immune system, through both antigenic and TLR components, and induction of a milieu that is rich in pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we addressed the basis of induced regulatory T-cell (iT-reg) expansion in response to MTB stimulation, in the absence of prior T c...

When an individual is exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) three outcomes are possible: bacterial clearance, active disease, or latent infection. It is generally believed that most individuals exposed to Mtb become latently infected and carry the mycobacteria for life. How Mtb is maintained during this latent infection remains largely unknown. During an Mtb infection in mice, there is a ...

A nonsputum triage test to rule out tuberculosis (TB) disease is a WHO high-priority diagnostic, and combinatory score based on 3-gene host signature has shown promise in discriminating TB from other illnesses. We evaluated the accuracy of an early-prototype cartridge assay (“Xpert MTB Host Response” or Xpert-MTB-HR-Prototype) this biobanked blood samples people living with HIV (PLHIV) against ...

As an ancient microbe, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is an extremely successful pathogen. MTB causes more deaths worldwide now than at any previous time in history as the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that approximately one-third of the world’s population (roughly 2 billion total) is infected with MTB [1]. MTB is a major health threat, causing 9 million new infections and between...

HIV-1 infection and HIV-1-induced immune deficiency may play a role in selecting particular Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains (i.e. genotypes). We compared 43 MTB isolates obtained from HIV-1-infected patients with 77 MTB isolates obtained from HIV-1-uninfected patients in Burkina Faso, by means of DNA fingerprinting methods (MIRU-VNTR plus spoligotyping). This study suggests a lack of s...

Abstract Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a major public health concern that caused 1.6 million deaths in 2021. New treatments are needed, especially immunocompromised individuals, such as patients with HIV coinfection, who severely impacted by the disease. We have recently reported blocking VEGFR1, receptor present on monocytes and contributes to their recruitment sites of infection, limits...

Information regarding the utility of adjunct diagnostic tests in combination with Xpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) is limited. We hypothesised adjunct tests could enhance accuracy and/or reduce the cost of tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis prior to MTB/RIF testing, and rule-in or rule-out TB in MTB/RIF-negative individuals. We assessed the accuracy and/or laboratory-associated cost of diag...

MHC Ib-restricted CD8+ T cells have been implicated in host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. However, the relative contribution of various MHC Ib-restricted T cell populations to anti-mycobacterial immunity remains elusive. In this study, we used mice that lack MHC Ia (Kb-/-Db-/-), MHC Ia/H2-M3 (Kb-/-Db-/-M3-/-), or β2m (β2m-/-) to study the role of M3-restricted and ...