This paper presents a synergistic iterative process, SIR, for resolving between classes assigned to cases. The "vagueness" of concepts, represented by multi-class assignment to cases, is a common phenomenon in the context of concept learning from examples (CLFE) paradigm. The causes could be attributed to the specifics of the application domain, to the poor initial representation or, to the lea...

In this work, hypergame theory has been extended to record decision theoretic and game theoretic information in a single table, called the hypergame normal form. A twoplayer, zero-sum, single-stage hypergame has been provided in this paper to describe a decision-making situation. Hypergame expected utility is introduced as an embellished concept of expected utility that provides an estimate of ...

This paper is the first to apply prospect theory to societal health-related decision making. In particular, we allow for utility curvature, equity weighting, sign-dependence, and loss aversion in choices concerning quality of life of other people. We find substantial inequity aversion, both for gains and losses, which can be attributed to both diminishing marginal utility and differential weigh...

Miners [34, 26]. You are standing in front of two mine shafts (A and B). Flood waters are approaching. You know that ten miners are in one of the shafts, but you don’t know which (e.g., their location was determined by the result of a fair coin toss). You have enough sand bags to block one of the shafts. If the miners are in A, then blocking A saves all 10 miners (and, hence, minimizes disutili...

This paper makes some preliminary steps towards a dynamic theory of consumer choices, restricted to the case of repeated small decisions. We assume that the consumer chooses among products, rather than among bundles, and that she bases her decision on a cumulative satisfaction index. Such a consumer is not necessarily "optimizing" and may be "satisficing" in the sense of Simon (1957). The aggre...

New technologies for shape acquisition and rendering of digital shapes have simplified the process of creating virtual scenes; nonetheless, shape annotation, recognition and manipulation of both the complete virtual scenes and even of subparts of them are still open problems. In this paper we deal with the problem of comparing two (or more) object sets, where each model is represented by an att...

A large literature on non-expected utility models has developed preference functionals which are non-linear in probabilities to explain attitudes toward risk. In this paper, we introduce a frame-dependent utility model which resolves many of the paradoxes that motivated non-expected utility models while retaining expected utility analysis for any given decision. In particular, we embed the von ...

We introduce and analyze expected uncertain utility theory (EUU). A prior and an interval utility characterize an EUU decision maker. The decision maker transforms each uncertain prospect into an interval-valued prospect that assigns an interval of prizes to each state. She then ranks prospects according to their expected interval utilities. We define uncertainty aversion for EUU, use the EUU m...

The expected utility/subjective probability model of risk preferences and beliefs has long been the preeminent model of individual choice under conditions of uncertainty. It exhibits a tremendous flexibility in representing aspects of attitudes toward risk, has a well-developed analytical structure, and has been applied to the analysis of gambling, games of strategy, incomplete information, ins...

One of the central projects of formal epistemology concerns the formulation and justification of epistemic norms. The project has three stages: First, the formal epistemologist produces a mathematical model of an agent’s epistemic states—call this the descriptive stage. Next, she formulates, in terms of this model, putative norms that she claims govern these states—call this the normative stage...