Abs that stimulate the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR), the cause of Graves' hyperthyroidism, only develop in humans. TSHR Abs can be induced in mice by immunization, but studying pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention requires a model without immunization. Spontaneous, iodine-accelerated, thyroid autoimmunity develops in NOD.H2(h4) mice associated with thyroglobulin and thyroid-peroxidase, but ...

We examine the etiological basis of hierarchical immunodominance of B cell epitopes on a multideterminant Ag. A model T-dependent immunogen, containing a single immunodominant B cell epitope, was used. The primary IgM response to this peptide included Abs directed against diverse determinants presented by the peptide. Interestingly, affinity of individual monomeric IgM Abs segregated around epi...

PURPOSE Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) is an herbal extract attained from 5 different plants. It has the therapeutic potential to be used for the management of external hemorrhage and controlling gastrointestinal bleedings. To date, the safety of ABS for intraperitoneal usage is not clear. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness and safety of using intraperitoneal ABS in an experimental ...

Our modern society relies increasingly on the sound performance of digital systems. Guaranteeing that these systems actually behave correctly according to their specification is not a trivial task, yet it is essential for mission-critical systems like auto-pilots, (nuclear) power-plant controllers and your car’s ABS. The highest degree of certainty about a system’s correctness can be obtained v...

The current protocols for blocking background staining in immunohistochemistry are based on conflicting reports. Background staining is thought to occur as a result of either non-specific antibody (Ab) binding to endogenous Fc receptors (FcRs) or a combination of ionic and hydrophobic interactions. In this study, cell and tissue samples were processed according to routine protocols either with ...

Current influenza vaccines afford substantial protection in humans by inducing strain-specific neutralizing antibodies (Abs). Most of these Abs target highly variable immunodominant epitopes in the globular domain of the viral hemagglutinin (HA). Therefore, current vaccines may not be able to induce heterosubtypic immunity against the divergent influenza subtypes. The identification of broadly ...

The ability of aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) composed of polyethylene glycols of different molecular weights (PEG 400, 600 and 1000) and buffered aqueous solutions of potassium citrate/citric acid (pH = 5.0 - 8.0) to selectively extract ovalbumin from egg white was here investigated. Phase diagrams, tie-lines and tie-line lengths were determined at 25ºC and the partitioning of ovalbumin in the...

In the past few years, the improvement of advanced analytical tools allowed to confirm the presence of trace amounts of metabolized and unchanged active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) as well as in freshwater surfaces. It is known that the continuous contact with APIs, even at very low concentrations (ng L-1-μg L-1), leads to serious human health proble...

This paper gives a survey of the theory and practice of nonlinear ABS methods including various types of generalizations and computer testing. We also show three applications to special problems, two of which are new.