The management of pseudorange multipath in GPS software processing ranges from total ignorance of the phenomenon to complex schemes for the estimation of the multipath signal. The former can cause significant parameter estimation degradation and the latter cannot necessarily provide accurate estimates. Therefore an alternative method is proposed here, which includes endeavouring to monitor the ...

The development of low cost, small size antenna arrays and digital antenna electronics has resulted in small, affordable GPS phased arrays and digital receivers that are suitable for commercial applications. NAVSYS Highgain Advanced GPS Receiver (HAGR) product includes the capability to spatially process signals from up to 16antenna elements. Previous papers have presented the HAGR’s capability...

This report details an investigation of a scheme for multipath routing. We summarize a scheme for multipath routing with flat distribution on a cubic grid. We critique this method and define an objective against which this can be measured. The applicability of these techniques to multipath routing in a more general network in investigated and a new scheme is proposed. Also many open questions f...

In this paper, we have analysed the received signal without multipath at Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) with a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) per sample, 10 dB, 8 dB, 6 dB and 4 dB respectively. We present the received signal with a multipath channel with noisy, the signal to noise ratio of 6 dB is studied and a multipath channel noiseless. And doing these studies, we considered the impulse ...

Various routing protocols, including Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Intermediate System to Intermediate System (ISIS), explicitly allow "Equal-Cost Multipath" (ECMP) routing. Some router implementations also allow equal-cost multipath usage with RIP and other routing protocols. The effect of multipath routing on a forwarder is that the forwarder potentially has several next-hops for any gi...

The accuracy of time of arrival (ToA) estimation using wide band signals is characterized. The Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) for ToA estimation in multipath conditions is presented in terms of the Ricean K-factor, the ratio of direct to diffuse multipath components. The validity of the CRLB is demonstrated using thousands of measurements, where the K-factor is estimated in the spectral domain. ...

This paper presents a simple formula relating multipath angular spread to small-scale fading statistics. This formula is then applied to nd an approximate spatial cross-correlation function for received voltage envelopes. The analytical approach is compared to 67 cross-correlation functions simulated with non-omnidirectional multipath. The equations in this paper provide insight for applying sp...

We develop vector-sensor array processing to estimate the angles-of-arrival (AOAs) and time delays of multipath channels in the space-time-polarization domain. A MUSIC-type algorithm for joint angle and delay estimation with a vector-sensor array is derived. Potential applications include multipath channel estimation and mobile localization. Simulation results show that the space-time-polarizat...

NAVSYS' High-gain Advanced GPS Receiver (HAGR) has been designed to take advantage of digital adaptive antenna array spatial-processing to enhance the accuracy of the GPS observations. The HAGR has the capability to create an optimized digital antenna pattern for up to eight GPS satellites simultaneously. This is used to perform dynamic beam-forming to the GPS satellites, in both static and mob...

considering a) that fading due to multipath propagation may distort and attenuate received signals on line-of-sight paths and thereby impair the performance of radio systems; b) that countermeasures such as diversity reception and adaptive equalization are available to reduce the effects of multipath fading on system performance; c) that methods of predicting the effects of multipath fading on ...