Salt crystallization is one of the most important weathering agents and may limit the durability of building stones. Salt crystallization induces stresses inside the pores of stones. Consequently, stone durability is closely related to its physical properties and strength. The purpose of this study was to propose a statistical model for estimating stone durability against salt crystallization c...

Neighbourhood in many Nigerian cities had been designed without proper consideration of design principles, which invariably affect the residents’ quality of life. This s‌tudy assessed the experts' and residents’ perception of design correlates of neighbourhood quality in the urban area of Ibadan. Data were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. A ques‌tionnaire survey and direct obse...

Introduction : Radon (Rn)  is a chemically inert gas with no odor, color, and taste. It is created from the decay of uranium in the soil and can penetrate the building through the interiors. As a result, Rn can enter the human body with the release of alpha radiation along with airborne dust and cause chronic illnesses such as lung cancer and multiple sclerosis. The Multiple Sclerosis disease, ...

The focus of this work is to determine at which threshold can the results for both plane and spherical wave incidence assumptions either converge or deviate when performing multiple diffraction attenuation calculations. analysis has been carried out—for various millimeter-wave frequencies, inter-obstacle spacings, angles incidence—by employing a pair two-dimensional (2D) hybrid formulations bas...

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) communications face severe fading problems due to the signal reflections and diffractions within tunnels. Unlike open road, space of a tunnel is very limited, so VANET communication performance in seriously affected. In process transmission, reflected symmetrical with incident after it by road wall. this paper, we establish mathematical model path loss for V2V (...