OBJECTIVE Obesity is related to a bias towards smaller immediate over larger delayed rewards. This bias is typically examined by studying single commodity discounting. However, weight loss often involves choices among multiple commodities. To our knowledge, no research has examined delay discounting of delayed weight loss compared with other commodities. METHODS We examined single commodity d...

Delivery of goods into urban areas constitutes an important issue for logistics service providers. One the most talked-about developments in recent years has been potential use unmanned aerial vehicles, or drones, transporting packages, food, medicine, and other goods. by drones offers new possibilities, but also induces challenging routing problems. In this paper, we address extend so-called P...

Vehicles with multiple compartments are used, among others, for distribution to convenience stores. Based on the convenience stores paradigm we propose optimization models for two possible cargo space layouts and explore their characteristics through computational experiments with randomly generated data sets. In a small real data set an optimal solution of one of the models requires fewer vehi...

We extend the navigation function methodology, established for single robot navigation, to the case of multiple robots. Appropriate expression of the robot potential functions guarantees global convergence. The derived closed form navigation function provides a robust navigation scheme, suitable for real time implementation. The collision avoidance and global convergence properties are verified...

In this paper we present a protocol that controls automated autonomous vehicles driving on a multiple merge junction highway. The protocol is distributed and it controls both merging and yielding. We show a simulation study that presents the protocol and its impacts on safety and congestion under diierent operating conditions. Our main result is that for simultaneous safe and eecient operations...

ion of Strategic Knowledge Abstract strategic knowledge can be generated from sequences of operators (including other abstractions) which map some input (initial state) to an output (goal state) that characterise the abstraction. In other words, the input/output relationships represented in the abstraction are typically the most significant relationships that differentiate one higher level of a...

In this paper, we present a tracking‐by‐multiple hypotheses framework to detect and track multiple vehicles accurately and precisely. The tracking‐by‐ multiple hypotheses framework consists of obstacle detection, vehicle recognition, visual tracking, global position tracking, data association and particle filtering. The multiple hypotheses are from obstacle detect...

Vehicular communication networks represent both an opportunity and a challenge for providing smart mobility services by using a hybrid solution that relies on cellular connectivity and short range communications. The evaluation of this kind of network is overwhelmingly carried out in the present literature with simulations. However, the degree of realism of the results obtained is limited becau...

accordingly, this study attempts to present an effective tool based on the securitized commodity murabahah and to fulfill its feasibility study.  the overall structure of the tool is such that the banks with surplus funds, at first, reallocate their resources to banks in deficit by commodity murabahah program and then convert their demands from those banks to securitized commodity murabahah, an...