The phase behavior of protein solutions is affected by additives such as crowder molecules or salts. In particular, upon addition of multivalent counterions, a reentrant condensation can occur; i.e., protein solutions are stable for low and high multivalent ion concentrations but aggregating at intermediate salt concentrations. The addition of monovalent ions shifts the phase boundaries to high...

Monomeric recombinant molecules prove generally unsatisfactory for in vivo use. Most biological systems are indeed multivalent either structurally, associating different chains, or functionally, when cross-linked by their ligands. Mimicking natural molecules for immune intervention implies the need for multimerizing systems to create multivalent molecules capable of interfering with physiologic...

Asbell, Mary A. (University of Georgia, Athens), and R. G. Eagon. Role of multivalent cations in the organization, structure, and assembly of the cell wall of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Bacteriol. 92:380-387. 1966. -Incubation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with ethylenediaminetetraacetate induced the formation of osmotically fragile rods termed osmoplasts. These could be restored to osmotically sta...

The search for a universal filovirus vaccine that provides protection against multiple filovirus species has been prompted by sporadic but highly lethal outbreaks of Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus infections. A good prophylactic vaccine should be able to provide protection to all known filovirus species and as an upside potentially protect from newly emerging virus strains. We investigated the imm...

Understanding multivalent carbohydrate-protein interactions at the molecular level requires access to structural details of these important biological recognition processes. Recent developments toward this goal comprise the use of conformationally defined molecular rulers in combination with binding assays, crystallographic investigation of complexes of multivalent ligands and their target prot...

The idea of fuzzy differential subordination is a generalisation the traditional that evolved in recent years as result incorporating set into field geometric function theory. In this investigation, we define some general classes p-valent analytic functions defined by and generalizes various classical results multivalent functions. Our main focus to discuss interesting inclusion other useful pr...

The interaction of multivalent carbohydrate derivatives with carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins) is frequently observed in biological systems, and their inhibition by tailored multivalent ligands is a powerful strategy for the treatment of many human diseases. fli Compared to monovalent interactions, multivalency can lead to significantly increased binding affinities and specificities. Seve...

We study the distribution of multivalent counterions next to a dielectric slab, bearing a quenched, random distribution of charges on one of its solution interfaces, with a given mean and variance, both in the absence and in the presence of a bathing monovalent salt solution. We use the previously derived approach based on the dressed multivalent-ion theory that combines aspects of the strong a...

The first prophylactic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine trial in Africa, with a clade B immunogen, is currently under way in Uganda, in a region where clades A and D are endemic. The use of a B clade vaccine is based on anticipated cross-recognition of endemic strains of HIV-1 in Uganda, but, in fact, little is known about the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in that re...

There is broad interest in designing nanostructured materials that can interact with cells and regulate key downstream functions1–7. In particular, materials with nanoscale features may enable control over multivalent interactions, which involve the simultaneous binding of multiple ligands on one entity to multiple receptors on another and are ubiquitous throughout biology8–10. Cellular signal ...