Heated glucose is mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 in the absence of S-9 mix. For identifying unknown mutagens in heated glucose (dry solid, 200 degrees C, 20 min), reaction with isopropylideneguanosine (IPG) was followed by isolation and characterization of the mutagen-IPG adduct. Two adducts, glyoxal-IPG and 8-hydroxy-IPG, were identified in the reaction mixture by this technique. T...

A genetic screen to identify mutations in genes in the 45A region on the right arm of chromosome 2 that are involved in oogenesis in Drosophila was undertaken. Several lethal but no female sterile mutations in the region had previously been identified in screens for P-element insertion or utilizing X rays or EMS as a mutagen. Here we report the identification of EMS-induced mutations in 21 esse...

Four urinary metabolites of the cytostatic drug cyclophosphamide were tested for mutagenicity in the Ames Salmonella assay: nornitrogen mustard (NM), 4-ketocyclophosphamide, 3-(2-chloroethyl)oxazolidone (OZ), and N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)piperazine. All four acted as direct base substitution mutagens although 4-ketocyclophosphamide showed an increase in mutagenicity after metabolic activation wit...

Mutagen sensitivity in in vitro cultured lymphocytes challenged by benzo[a]pyrene diolepoxide (BPDE) has been validated as an intrinsic susceptibility factor for several cancers. Bulky BPDE-DNA adducts are repaired via either transcription-coupled repair or global genome nucleotide excision repair depending on the location of lesions. Cockayne syndrome A (CSA) and B (CSB) play essential roles i...

RNA viruses evolve rapidly. One source of this ability to rapidly change is the apparently high mutation frequency in RNA virus populations. A high mutation frequency is a central tenet of the quasispecies theory. A corollary of the quasispecies theory postulates that, given their high mutation frequency, animal RNA viruses may be susceptible to error catastrophe, where they undergo a sharp dro...

Mutagen sensitivity is regarded as a genetic susceptibility phenotype for various cancers; it is cytogenetically based and probably involves a number of genes from different DNA repair pathways. This assay has been used in a number of laboratories in the field of epidemiology, where it has been investigated and appears to be a useful susceptibility biomarker for epidemiological studies assessin...

In this paper, we describe a method to enhance the fluorescence signal of mutagen detection using SOS response-induced green fluorescence protein (GFP) in genetically modified Escherichia coli using a multi-layered substrate. To generate E. coli that express SOS response-induced GFP, we constructed a plasmid carrying the RecA promoter located upstream of the GFP gene and used it to transform E...

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The investigation of the link between diet and cancer in man has resulted in the identification of a variety of carcinogenic and mutagenic principles in food, particularly cooked meat (Furihata & Matsushima, 1986), the most mutagenic of these compounds being the amino-imidazoaza-arenes:2amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (DiMeIQx...

Mice fed a diet containing 0.3 or 0.03% triethanolamine developed malignant tumors. Females showed a high incidence of tumors in lymphoid tissues, while this type was absent in males. Tumors in other tissues were pro duced at a considerable rate in both sexes, but no hepatoma was found. Triethanolamine was not mutagenic to Bacillus subtilis by itself, but it became mutagenic after reacting with...