Transcription profiling of genes encoding components of the respiratory chain and the ATP synthesizing apparatus of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was conducted in vivo in the infected mouse lung, and in vitro in bacterial cultures subjected to gradual oxygen depletion and to nitric oxide treatment. Transcript levels changed dramatically as infection progressed from bacterial exponential multiplica...

Mn2+ was shown to catalyze a nonenzymatic oxidation of NADPH in the presence of superoxide anion by means of an isotopic assay for measurement of the oxidation of NADPH to NADP+. Human polymorphonuclear leukocyte granule NADPH oxidase activity was evaluated in the absence of Mn2+ and was found to be higher in granules from phagocytizing cells than in granules from resting cells. The drug phorbo...

aerogenes was investigated. The only quinone found in measurable amounts in bacteria grown in minimal media under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions was ubiquinone-8. Membrane-bound ubiquinone-8 could be removed by extraction with pentane, or destroyed by ultraviolet irradiation, with a concomitant loss of both reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidase and NADH-linked respirat...

An NADH-oxidase extracted from granulocytes with isotonic KC1 catalyzes a cyanide insensitive production of HzOz. The stoichiometry of the reaction is: NADH + H+ + O2 + NAD+ + HzOZ. The K, (NADH) of this reaction is 0.4 mM and the maximum velocity (9.72 + 1.66 S.D. nmol of Oz/min/107 cells) is sufficient to account for the net oxygen uptake observed during phagocytosis of a wide variety of part...

Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a mitochondrial flavoprotein, which translocates to the nucleus during apoptosis and causes chromatin condensation and large scale DNA fragmentation. Here we report the biochemical characterization of AIF's redox activity. Natural AIF purified from mitochondria and recombinant AIF purified from bacteria (AIFDelta1-120) exhibit NADH oxidase activity, whereas su...

Mitochondria were isolated from biopsies of the biceps femoris muscle of Danish landrace pigs. Three groups of animals were compared: (1) normal pigs; (2) pigs that were homozygous with respect to the gene Hal(n)/Hal(n) coding for the porcine malignant hyperthermia syndrome; and (3) heterozygote animals. A newly developed micro-method for preparation and assaying of small quantities of intact m...

ENOX1 is a highly conserved NADH oxidase that helps to regulate intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels in many cell types, including endothelial cells. Pharmacologic and RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated suppression of ENOX1 impairs surrogate markers of tumor angiogenesis/vasculogenesis, providing support for the concept that ENOX1 represents an antiangiogenic druggable target. H...

AIMS The NADH/NADPH oxidase system plays a central role in vascular superoxide anion production, which appears to cause coronary endothelial dysfunction. Recently, it has been suggested that the C242T polymorphism of the NADH/NADPH oxidase p22 phox gene can reduce susceptibility to coronary artery disease. We therefore tested whether this polymorphism is associated with an altered endothelium-d...