Fluorophore mediated bio-signal retrieval has been extensively used in molecular imaging. However, only a limited number of fluorophores can be used for humans and their quantum yield is usually low. Another important issue is emitting fluorescence at the disease site, with a minimal non-specific emission at any other sites. Artificial quenching and enhancing of fluorescence was found to be pos...

To study enzyme-DNA interactions at single molecular level, both the attachment points and the immediate surroundings of surfaces must be carefully considered such that they do not compromise the structural information and biological properties of the sample under investigation. The present work demonstrates the feasibility of enzymatic digestion of single DNA molecules attached to nanoparticle...

Modern methods of nanomineralogy (electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis) were used to study the ores one largest industrial facilities Uzbekistan - Zarmitan gold zone, which includes Zarmitan, Urtalik, Guzhumsay deposits, are located in Koshrabadgranosyenite massif. The development / Au-W Au-Bi-Te Au-As Au-Ag-Te Au-Ag-Se Au-Sb-Ag Au-Hg types ores. Productive mineral-geochemical gold...

(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major bioactive constituent in green tea, has been reported to effectively inhibit the formation and development of tumors. To maximize the effectiveness of EGCG, we attached it to nanogold particles (EGCG-pNG) in various ratios to examine in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo anti-cancer activity. EGCG-pNG showed improved anti-cancer efficacy in B16F10 mu...

A novel method was used to prepare the nano-composite by assembling nanogold (NG) particles on the multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) surface. The nano-composite could be immobilized on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode to get a novel modified electrode. The electrode can easily immobilize the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) molecules to construct a reagentless biosensor. The NG particles in the comp...

CCR4-NOT is a large protein complex present both in cytoplasm and the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Although it is involved in a variety of distinct processes related to expression of genetic information such as poly(A) tail shortening, transcription regulation, nuclear export and protein degradation, there is only fragmentary information available on some of its nine subunits. Here we show a co...

Pollen tube growth is based on transport of secretory vesicles into the apical region where they fuse with a small area of the plasma membrane. The amount of secretion greatly exceeds the quantity of membrane required for growth. Mechanisms of membrane retrieval have recently been demonstrated and partially characterized using FM (Fei Mao) dyes or charged nanogold. Both these probes reveal that...

In this chapter we provide a set of different protocols for the ultrastructural analysis of amphibian (Xenopus, axolotl) tissues, mostly of embryonic origin. For Xenopus these methods include: (1) embedding gastrulae and tailbud embryos into Spurr's resin for TEM, (2) post-embedding labeling of methacrylate (K4M) and cryosections through adult and embryonic epithelia for correlative LM and TEM,...