Freshly prepared ZnO nanoparticles were used as an effective heterogeneous base catalyst for the synthesis of aryloximes. The conversion of arylaldehydes and arylketones into the corresponding oximes (up to quantitative yields) was achieved by simply mixing the liquid reactants and hydroxylamine hydrochloride with ZnO nanoparticles under solvent-free condition. The procedure was carried out und...

An efficient synthesis route to 1,4-dihydropyrimidine derivatives from reaction of divergent aldehydes with ethylacetoacetate and urea under solvent-free conditions by ZnO nanoparticles as a relative in expansive, eco-friendly, easy available, non-volatile, non-explosion, thermally robust, recyclable and easy to handle catalyst at 90°C with excellent yields is described. Unenhanced reaction tim...

An efficient synthesis route to 1,4-dihydropyrimidine derivatives from reaction of divergent aldehydes with ethylacetoacetate and urea under solvent-free conditions by ZnO nanoparticles as a relative in expansive, eco-friendly, easy available, non-volatile, non-explosion, thermally robust, recyclable and easy to handle catalyst at 90°C with excellent yields is described. Unenhanced reaction tim...

Four multitopic Schiff-base ligand precursors were synthesized via condensation of 4,4'-diol-3,3'-diformyl-1,1'-diphenyl or 1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxy-5-formylphenyl)benzene with 2,6-diisopropylaniline or 2,6-dimethylaniline. Amine elimination reactions of Ln[N(SiMe(3))(2)](3) (Ln = La, Nd, Sm or Y) with these multitopic ligand precursors gave ten heterogeneous rare-earth metal catalysts. These heter...

Nanosilica periodic acid (nano-SPIA) is found to be a new, powerful, and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the rapid synthesis of 2-naphtholazo dyes via diazotization of aromatic amines and followsazo coupling with 2-naphthol under solvent-free conditions at room temperature by grinding. Eco-friendly, heterogeneous reaction conditions, high stability of diazonium salt, simple experimental pro...

Aromatic aldehydes are efficiently condensed with 2'-hydroxyacetophenone by polymer-supported basic ionic liquid as an excellent heterogeneous catalyst utilizing the Claisen–Schmidt reaction. Microwave irradiation has been employed, providing flavanone in good yield and short reaction time.

An environmentally benign procedure for the synthesis of vicinal nitrohydrins via the regioselective ring opening reaction of epoxides with nitrite anion using silica-bound 3-{2-[poly(ethylene glycol)]ethyl}-substituted 1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium bromide as an effective heterogeneous phase transfer catalyst was described. Short reaction time, high yield of products, simple work-up proc...

A novel magnetite nanoparticle-based heterogeneous acidic catalyst [Fe3O4@SiO2@Am-PPC-SO3H] [HSO4] was successfully prepared and characterized by SEM, EDX, TGA, VSM and FT-IR techniques. The magnetically retrievable and sustainable catalyst was investigated in the reaction of aldehyde and o-aminophenol for the synthesis of benzoxazoles. The...

The massive consumption of fossil fuels and associated environmental issues are leading to an increased interest in alternative resources such as biofuels. The renewable biofuels can be upgraded from bio-oils that are derived from biomass pyrolysis. Catalytic cracking and hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) are two of the most promising bio-oil upgrading processes for biofuel production. Heterogeneous cat...